Release 0.28 · Original practice · 4 October 2026

Test the claim

A plausible systems claim can survive a workshop and still fail a simple question. Work through a short fictional case, then test your answer against a counterexample. The point is to find the next useful observation or decision.

Allow about 15 minutes per case. Write your answer before opening the comparison. These are editorial learning routes, not new relationships in the evidence graph, an assessment, or a substitute for work with people in the situation.

Choose the decision you face

Before approving an improvement claim

  1. Successful for whom?
  2. The average improved
  3. The map proves the cause

Before redesigning a service

  1. The queue has shrunk. Has the work?
  2. More options, more capability?
  3. A job title is not a function

Before commissioning a systems workshop

  1. Everyone was consulted
  2. Four methods, one answer?
  3. Successful for whom?

Eight claims to test

Successful for whom?

Our booking service is performing better: it allocated 120 appointments instead of 100.

Boundary comparison

More options, more capability?

We need a separate procedure for every kind of request: requisite variety demands it.

Regulation question followed by organisational diagnosis

A job title is not a function

The chief executive is System 5, so we have found the organisation's policy function.

Functional diagnosis checked against the chosen boundary

Everyone was consulted

The workshop was representative because every stakeholder group received an invitation.

Boundary critique followed by inquiry design

Four methods, one answer?

We used four systems methods, so the recommendation has four times the support.

Method transition with an explicit change of claim

The average improved

Average waiting time fell to ten days, proving that the pilot worked.

Evaluation challenged by boundary and weighting checks

The map proves the cause

Everybody recognised the feedback loop, so it must explain the problem.

Hypothesis generation followed by evidence design

All task sheets without answers · Download the cases and route record