{
  "release": "0.31",
  "date": "2026-10-08",
  "curator": "Benjamin P Taylor",
  "research_status": "AI-assisted source reading; human editorial review remains pending for new graph claims.",
  "modules": [
    {
      "id": "ashby",
      "title": "Ashby: selection, regulation, and variety",
      "person": "person_w_ross_ashby",
      "summary": "Challoner reconstructs Ashby through selected variables, transformations, constraints, and regulation. Read the general definitions before the specialised regulatory claims. The good-regulator result has formal conditions; it is not a licence to assume every manager has an adequate model.",
      "distinction": "A system selected for inquiry is not identical with the object being investigated.",
      "pages": 6,
      "concepts": [
        [
          "concept_variety",
          "p. 3, DG4 and PG4",
          "presents_account_of",
          "Variety counts distinguishable possibilities; information concerns eliminated alternatives."
        ],
        [
          "concept_regulation",
          "p. 4, DS1 and PS1",
          "presents_account_of",
          "Regulation concerns the effects of disturbances on specified essential variables."
        ],
        [
          "concept_ultrastability",
          "p. 4, DS3; p. 5, PS4",
          "presents_account_of",
          "Ultrastability changes parameters when essential variables leave their limits."
        ],
        [
          "law_or_principle_conant_ashby_theorem",
          "p. 5, PS6",
          "presents_account_of",
          "The good-regulator proposition is presented with stated mathematical qualifications."
        ]
      ],
      "url": "https://rational-understanding.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/ashby-researcher-module.pdf",
      "sha256": "82f4be02d8ef575245c734d826a9a65993f6eba96d42c4ec67204b6f6931776e",
      "author": "John A Challoner",
      "version": "1, 30 September 2026",
      "status": "All pages read; secondary reconstruction, not a new verification of every original citation"
    },
    {
      "id": "bhaskar",
      "title": "Bhaskar: mechanisms in open systems",
      "person": "person_roy_bhaskar",
      "summary": "Challoner distinguishes what exists, what happens, and what is experienced. Mechanisms can operate without producing an isolated regularity. Social structures and agency are interdependent but distinct; this does not turn every retrospective explanation into a demonstrated mechanism.",
      "distinction": "Causal openness means interacting mechanisms, whereas material openness means exchange across a boundary.",
      "pages": 7,
      "concepts": [
        [
          "concept_causal_powers",
          "pp. 3–4, DG4–DG8",
          "introduces_distinction",
          "Causal powers concern capacities of structured entities; emergence involves differentiated levels."
        ],
        [
          "concept_open_causal_system",
          "p. 3, DG6; p. 6, PS4",
          "introduces_distinction",
          "Multiple mechanisms can jointly shape an outcome in an open causal system."
        ],
        [
          "concept_emergence",
          "p. 4, PG4",
          "presents_account_of",
          "Emergent powers depend on underlying organisation without being reduced to it."
        ],
        [
          "concept_structure_agency",
          "pp. 5–6, DS1–DS2 and PS1–PS3",
          "introduces_distinction",
          "Social structures depend on activity while conditioning the agency that reproduces or transforms them."
        ]
      ],
      "url": "https://rational-understanding.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/bhaskar-researcher-module.pdf",
      "sha256": "06ee89f8fbe01db4d9803b3579cc86359b3ccb34da86e0c7ab77e868900f0155",
      "author": "John A Challoner",
      "version": "1, 30 September 2026",
      "status": "All pages read; secondary reconstruction, not a new verification of every original citation"
    },
    {
      "id": "bogdanov",
      "title": "Bogdanov: organisation and its changing boundaries",
      "person": "person_alexander_bogdanov",
      "summary": "Challoner presents complexes through activities and resistances, with organisation as a practical relation. Joining, separation, selection, and changing boundaries matter to persistence. Egression and degression distinguish concentration around a centre from stabilising forms.",
      "distinction": "Least relative resistance concerns a specified disturbance; it is not a universal weakest-link slogan.",
      "pages": 7,
      "concepts": [
        [
          "concept_tektological_complex",
          "pp. 2–3, DG1–DG8",
          "introduces_distinction",
          "A complex is considered through activities, resistances, conjunction, and separation."
        ],
        [
          "concept_dynamic_equilibrium",
          "p. 3, DG10; p. 4, PG5",
          "presents_account_of",
          "Persistence can involve continuing activity rather than an absence of change."
        ],
        [
          "concept_boundary",
          "p. 3, DG8; p. 4, PG4",
          "presents_account_of",
          "A tektological boundary arises within organisational interactions."
        ],
        [
          "concept_egression_degression",
          "pp. 6–7, DS1–DS3 and PS3",
          "introduces_distinction",
          "Egression concerns organisation around a centre; degression concerns relatively stable supporting forms."
        ]
      ],
      "url": "https://rational-understanding.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/bogdanov-researcher-module.pdf",
      "sha256": "7a8fc7cf51ad4f92932c3e08ebd31649508f30304a9e48215fe86b0c893d9546",
      "author": "John A Challoner",
      "version": "1, 30 September 2026",
      "status": "All pages read; secondary reconstruction, not a new verification of every original citation"
    },
    {
      "id": "prigogine",
      "title": "Prigogine: order under non-equilibrium conditions",
      "person": "person_ilya_prigogine",
      "summary": "Challoner separates equilibrium, stationary states, and far-from-equilibrium behaviour. Sustained exchange, instability, and fluctuations help explain dissipative structures in specified physical systems. These propositions require separate argument and evidence before application to organisations.",
      "distinction": "Stationarity can coexist with irreversible processes and flows; stationarity is not thermodynamic equilibrium.",
      "pages": 7,
      "concepts": [
        [
          "concept_physical_exchange",
          "pp. 2–3, DG1 and PG2",
          "presents_account_of",
          "Matter or energy exchange can maintain non-equilibrium conditions."
        ],
        [
          "concept_dissipative_structure",
          "p. 4, DS5; p. 6, PS5–PS7",
          "introduces_distinction",
          "A dissipative structure persists under non-equilibrium conditions maintained by exchange."
        ],
        [
          "concept_bifurcation",
          "p. 4, DS4; pp. 5–6, PS2–PS4",
          "introduces_distinction",
          "Instability can produce branching alternatives in a system’s development."
        ],
        [
          "concept_self_organisation",
          "p. 5, DS7–DS8; p. 6, PS8–PS10",
          "presents_account_of",
          "Fluctuations can be amplified under particular non-linear, non-equilibrium conditions."
        ]
      ],
      "url": "https://rational-understanding.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/prigogine-researcher-module.pdf",
      "sha256": "441ea5669cb3706fe0142647b0133c0f98df06237540eb349244521c322d12b5",
      "author": "John A Challoner",
      "version": "1, 30 September 2026",
      "status": "All pages read; secondary reconstruction, not a new verification of every original citation"
    },
    {
      "id": "von-bertalanffy",
      "title": "Bertalanffy: organisation, openness, and equifinality",
      "person": "person_ludwig_von_bertalanffy",
      "summary": "Challoner distinguishes organised relations from additive collections and cross-domain isomorphism from reduction to one discipline. Open-system accounts of organisms support specific claims about steady states and equifinality. Neither term means every route always reaches the same outcome.",
      "distinction": "A steady state sustained by flows differs from closed-system equilibrium.",
      "pages": 5,
      "concepts": [
        [
          "concept_material_open_system",
          "pp. 3–4, DS1–DS4 and PS1–PS2",
          "presents_account_of",
          "Open systems exchange matter and can maintain steady states away from equilibrium."
        ],
        [
          "concept_equifinality",
          "p. 4, DS4 and PS3",
          "introduces_distinction",
          "Different initial conditions can lead to the same final state under specified open-system conditions."
        ],
        [
          "concept_isomorphism",
          "pp. 2–3, DG3 and PG3–PG4",
          "introduces_distinction",
          "Cross-domain formal correspondences do not remove substantive differences between domains."
        ],
        [
          "concept_organisation",
          "pp. 2–3, DG1 and PG1–PG2",
          "presents_account_of",
          "Organisation depends on relations that an additive account of parts can miss."
        ]
      ],
      "url": "https://rational-understanding.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/von-bertalanffy-researcher-module.pdf",
      "sha256": "31ce4b15eacf5aff18e011bd26ce76c9fc877c236270f4efefebe874b00ad3f1",
      "author": "John A Challoner",
      "version": "1, 30 September 2026",
      "status": "All pages read; secondary reconstruction, not a new verification of every original citation"
    }
  ],
  "new_concepts": [
    [
      "concept_causal_powers",
      "Causal powers",
      "Capacities attributed to structured entities in critical realist explanation. A proposed capacity still needs an account of its operation and evidence; observing an outcome alone does not establish its mechanism.",
      "bhaskar"
    ],
    [
      "concept_open_causal_system",
      "Open causal system",
      "A system in which several mechanisms can act together, so an observed outcome need not express any one mechanism in isolation. This critical realist use of openness differs from a claim about material exchange.",
      "bhaskar"
    ],
    [
      "concept_structure_agency",
      "Structure and agency",
      "A distinction between social conditions and the actions that reproduce or transform them. Their interdependence does not make the concepts interchangeable or settle who can act in a particular setting.",
      "bhaskar"
    ],
    [
      "concept_tektological_complex",
      "Tektological complex",
      "In Challoner’s reconstruction of Bogdanov, an organisational complex is investigated through activities and resistances, including the processes that join or separate complexes.",
      "bogdanov"
    ],
    [
      "concept_dynamic_equilibrium",
      "Dynamic equilibrium in tektology",
      "Persistence sustained through continuing activity and changing relations in a tektological account. The domain qualifier matters: the term is not used here as a synonym for thermodynamic equilibrium.",
      "bogdanov"
    ],
    [
      "concept_egression_degression",
      "Egression and degression",
      "Bogdanov’s distinction between organisation around a centre and relatively stable supporting forms, as presented in Challoner’s researcher module. These are analytical distinctions rather than recommended management structures.",
      "bogdanov"
    ],
    [
      "concept_material_open_system",
      "Materially open system",
      "A system that exchanges matter across its boundary; thermodynamic accounts also attend to energy exchange. Material openness is distinct from Bhaskar’s causal openness and from an invitation to organisational participation.",
      "von-bertalanffy"
    ],
    [
      "concept_dissipative_structure",
      "Dissipative structure",
      "An organised physical pattern sustained under non-equilibrium conditions through continuing exchanges. Application to social or organisational life needs its own mechanism and evidence rather than resemblance alone.",
      "prigogine"
    ],
    [
      "concept_bifurcation",
      "Bifurcation",
      "A branching of possible behaviours as conditions change in a dynamical account. The Prigogine route concerns specified non-linear systems; the word alone is not an explanation of a social turning point.",
      "prigogine"
    ],
    [
      "concept_equifinality",
      "Equifinality",
      "The possibility of reaching the same final state from different initial conditions in specified open-system accounts. It is a conditional claim, not a guarantee that any intervention can achieve any desired outcome.",
      "von-bertalanffy"
    ],
    [
      "concept_isomorphism",
      "Isomorphism across systems",
      "A specified correspondence of formal structure across domains. A useful correspondence preserves identified relations; it does not establish that the compared systems have the same material properties or social purposes.",
      "von-bertalanffy"
    ],
    [
      "concept_organisation",
      "Organisation as relations",
      "Organisation considered through relations among components and their effects. The concept supports inquiry into what a decomposition preserves or loses; it does not imply that every whole possesses the same kind of organisation.",
      "von-bertalanffy"
    ],
    [
      "concept_physical_exchange",
      "Physical exchange with the environment",
      "Matter or energy transferred across a physical system boundary. In Challoner’s Prigogine module, either kind of exchange enters the account of non-equilibrium organisation; energy exchange alone does not establish material openness.",
      "prigogine"
    ]
  ],
  "concept_edges": [
    [
      "concept_regulation",
      "concept_variety",
      "constrains",
      "ashby",
      "pp. 4–5, PS1–PS2",
      "In the module’s regulatory setting, blocking disturbance variety protects specified essential variables."
    ],
    [
      "concept_ultrastability",
      "concept_regulation",
      "specialises",
      "ashby",
      "p. 4, DS3; p. 5, PS4",
      "Ultrastability adds parameter change when essential variables leave acceptable limits."
    ],
    [
      "concept_tektological_complex",
      "concept_boundary",
      "introduces_distinction",
      "bogdanov",
      "p. 3, DG8; p. 4, PG4",
      "The tektological account treats boundary formation as part of organisational interaction."
    ],
    [
      "concept_physical_exchange",
      "concept_dissipative_structure",
      "explanatory_prerequisite",
      "prigogine",
      "p. 6, PS5–PS6",
      "The module’s dissipative structures require sustained exchanges under non-equilibrium conditions; openness alone is insufficient."
    ],
    [
      "concept_material_open_system",
      "concept_equifinality",
      "explanatory_prerequisite",
      "von-bertalanffy",
      "p. 4, DS4 and PS3",
      "The module locates equifinality within specified open-system conditions, not an unrestricted management claim."
    ]
  ],
  "ocad": {
    "url": "https://coevolving.com/ocadu/202601-sfin-6011/pro-forma/Whole_2026_SFIN6011_pro-forma_v0101a.html",
    "author": "David Ing",
    "licence": "CC BY, 2026, David Ing",
    "status": "Published pro forma for discussion; not evidence that every suggestion entered the launched syllabus.",
    "modules": [
      {
        "number": 1,
        "title": "Form a learning group",
        "summary": "Systems, designing, and visualisation; conversations for action and group commitments.",
        "exercise": "What will your group be able to notice together that each member might miss?",
        "source_url": "https://coevolving.com/ocadu/202601-sfin-6011/pro-forma/Whole_2026_SFIN6011_pro-forma_v0101a.html#Module_01",
        "links": [
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0720-5_60",
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6563-9",
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7472-1_1",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7472-1_1"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1145/637069.637096",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/637069.637096"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1649475.1649493",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1649475.1649493"
          },
          {
            "title": "http://systemspedia.bcsss.org",
            "url": "http://systemspedia.bcsss.org"
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          {
            "title": "https://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Foundations_of_Systems_Engineering",
            "url": "https://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Foundations_of_Systems_Engineering"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book"
          },
          {
            "title": "\"Systemic Design Toolkit\" Google Drive",
            "url": "https://drive.google.com/open?id=1JN15M4ZrCv8CTuwpj020yAbV8mhmT9Lg"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.787",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.787"
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          {
            "title": "https://open.alberta.ca/publications/follow-the-rabbit-a-field-guide-to-systemic-design",
            "url": "https://open.alberta.ca/publications/follow-the-rabbit-a-field-guide-to-systemic-design"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1145/504729.504731",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/504729.504731"
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          {
            "title": "https://web.archive.org/web/20100414202411/http://www.eclipse.org/epf/general/EPFComposerOverviewPart1.pdf",
            "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20100414202411/http://www.eclipse.org/epf/general/EPFComposerOverviewPart1.pdf"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US6950802B1/en",
            "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US6950802B1/en"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2019.05.002",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2019.05.002"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54478-4_4",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54478-4_4"
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          {
            "title": "https://ocadu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/leganto/public/01OCUL_OCAD/citation/3096379570007481?auth=SAML",
            "url": "https://ocadu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/leganto/public/01OCUL_OCAD/citation/3096379570007481?auth=SAML"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2017.11.001",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2017.11.001"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.1755",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.1755"
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          {
            "title": "http://journals.isss.org/index.php/proceedings55th/article/view/1650",
            "url": "http://journals.isss.org/index.php/proceedings55th/article/view/1650"
          },
          {
            "title": "http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ajss.20150401.02.html",
            "url": "http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ajss.20150401.02.html"
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          {
            "title": "http://systemspedia.bcsss.org/?title=systems+science",
            "url": "http://systemspedia.bcsss.org/?title=systems+science"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2229",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2229"
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          {
            "title": "https://www.strategy-business.com/article/09406",
            "url": "https://www.strategy-business.com/article/09406"
          },
          {
            "title": "http://coevolving.com/commons/2008_Systemist_v30_n2_p154_Ing_Offerings-Language-Action",
            "url": "http://coevolving.com/commons/2008_Systemist_v30_n2_p154_Ing_Offerings-Language-Action"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.wcu.edu/pmi/2001/21154.PDF",
            "url": "https://www.wcu.edu/pmi/2001/21154.PDF"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1125944.1125978",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1125944.1125978"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.321.0080",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.321.0080"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://hbr.org/2007/04/promise-based-management-the-essence-of-execution",
            "url": "https://hbr.org/2007/04/promise-based-management-the-essence-of-execution"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6396628_Promise-based_management_The_essence_of_execution",
            "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6396628_Promise-based_management_The_essence_of_execution"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1125944.1125974",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1125944.1125974"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abSORY3nH14",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abSORY3nH14"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUzJR7DPEdU",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUzJR7DPEdU"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVJ2YgyyzEA",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVJ2YgyyzEA"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f25kLZCGC4Y",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f25kLZCGC4Y"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJEMJUnVbbw",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJEMJUnVbbw"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MwTyDtG_1U",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MwTyDtG_1U"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9U1vuNCQfc",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9U1vuNCQfc"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "number": 2,
        "title": "Make inquiry inspectable",
        "summary": "Assumptions, inquiry, Object-Process Methodology, and tools for intelligence augmentation.",
        "exercise": "Choose a diagram: which assertions are observations, and which are assumptions?",
        "source_url": "https://coevolving.com/ocadu/202601-sfin-6011/pro-forma/Whole_2026_SFIN6011_pro-forma_v0101a.html#Module_02",
        "links": [
          {
            "title": "https://www.perplexity.ai/students",
            "url": "https://www.perplexity.ai/students"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://gemini.google/students/",
            "url": "https://gemini.google/students/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.opcloud.tech/",
            "url": "https://www.opcloud.tech/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://opcloud-sandbox.web.app/",
            "url": "https://opcloud-sandbox.web.app/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://esml.technion.ac.il/opm/opcat-installation/",
            "url": "https://esml.technion.ac.il/opm/opcat-installation/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://app.diagrams.net",
            "url": "https://app.diagrams.net"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://canvascloud.ocadu.ca",
            "url": "https://canvascloud.ocadu.ca"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://m365.cloud.microsoft/chat/",
            "url": "https://m365.cloud.microsoft/chat/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://gemini.google.com/canvas",
            "url": "https://gemini.google.com/canvas"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://chat.qwen.ai/",
            "url": "https://chat.qwen.ai/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://mermaid.live",
            "url": "https://mermaid.live"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.vanderbilt.edu/generative-ai/prompt-patterns/",
            "url": "https://www.vanderbilt.edu/generative-ai/prompt-patterns/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-vibe-coding-ai-tools-software-app-development/",
            "url": "https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-vibe-coding-ai-tools-software-app-development/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6563-9",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6563-9"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_13",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_13"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://integral-review.org/backissue/issue-2-jun-2006/",
            "url": "https://integral-review.org/backissue/issue-2-jun-2006/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://integral-review.org/issues/issue_2_volckmann_interview_with_mitroff.pdf",
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            "title": "https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-931-1.ch116",
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            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21499",
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            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3IDl1Gxonxo",
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            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfgU9f1KHAE",
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            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voGpd9tuOuI&list=PLCUdZD8xQ449G9w4PzfcBL4Q8u0X89jg2",
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            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTFnf6y0HiA",
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            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rfe46QzguF8",
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            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hf8OC39-to",
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            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71764-3",
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71764-3_5",
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            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71764-3_7",
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            "title": "http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195102888.001.0001",
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            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051430",
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        "source_url": "https://coevolving.com/ocadu/202601-sfin-6011/pro-forma/Whole_2026_SFIN6011_pro-forma_v0101a.html#Module_03",
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            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQylYgQVgZ8",
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          {
            "title": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226448753_On_the_Validation_of_System_Dynamics_Type_Simulation_Models",
            "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226448753_On_the_Validation_of_System_Dynamics_Type_Simulation_Models"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.03.200",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.03.200"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://elenip.com/publication/2024-9/",
            "url": "https://elenip.com/publication/2024-9/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/102741",
            "url": "https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/102741"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_12",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_12"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "number": 5,
        "title": "Read a situation through several accounts",
        "summary": "Rich pictures and Soft Systems Methodology.",
        "exercise": "Draw two accounts of the same situation and locate the disagreement about purpose.",
        "source_url": "https://coevolving.com/ocadu/202601-sfin-6011/pro-forma/Whole_2026_SFIN6011_pro-forma_v0101a.html#Module_05",
        "links": [
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.497",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.497"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7472-1_5",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7472-1_5"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_15",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_15"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gb6eDQ9dRVc",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gb6eDQ9dRVc"
          },
          {
            "title": "http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhQpDGfX5e7CFc5BQ8rW6SnKrnle-9Kgb",
            "url": "http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhQpDGfX5e7CFc5BQ8rW6SnKrnle-9Kgb"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpjsLtqU4lw",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpjsLtqU4lw"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9PC3d9UK2o",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9PC3d9UK2o"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1145/274430.274434",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/274430.274434"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1057/jors.1992.47",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1057/jors.1992.47"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397786227_The_Development_of_Soft_Systems_Methodology_through_the_Lens_of_the_FMA_Framework",
            "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397786227_The_Development_of_Soft_Systems_Methodology_through_the_Lens_of_the_FMA_Framework"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2582171",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2582171"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.692",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.692"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_8",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_8"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "number": 6,
        "title": "Make relationships visible",
        "summary": "Synthesis maps, gigamapping, and systemic design.",
        "exercise": "Give every line a meaning. Which lines merely show your current uncertainty?",
        "source_url": "https://coevolving.com/ocadu/202601-sfin-6011/pro-forma/Whole_2026_SFIN6011_pro-forma_v0101a.html#Module_06",
        "links": [
          {
            "title": "https://printshop.ocadu.ca/large-format-printing/wide-format-dynamic-sizing-test-2-112/",
            "url": "https://printshop.ocadu.ca/large-format-printing/wide-format-dynamic-sizing-test-2-112/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://printshop.ocadu.ca/large-format-printing/wide-format-dynamic-sizing/",
            "url": "https://printshop.ocadu.ca/large-format-printing/wide-format-dynamic-sizing/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2016.01.002",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2016.01.002"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/systemic-design-framework/",
            "url": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/systemic-design-framework/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/framework-for-innovation/",
            "url": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/framework-for-innovation/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2023.05.003",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2023.05.003"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55639-8_8",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55639-8_8"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://ocadu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/leganto/public/01OCUL_OCAD/citation/3097200200007481?auth=SAML",
            "url": "https://ocadu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/leganto/public/01OCUL_OCAD/citation/3097200200007481?auth=SAML"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UYh9ul3h28",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UYh9ul3h28"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FpKuJSCbx0",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FpKuJSCbx0"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XfwfAdHaWY",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XfwfAdHaWY"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://rsdsymposium.org/roundtable-on-mapping/",
            "url": "https://rsdsymposium.org/roundtable-on-mapping/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADpYw4964Z8",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADpYw4964Z8"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oN_PuXRzkhQ",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oN_PuXRzkhQ"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJJQ7WUckek",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJJQ7WUckek"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQ2K26qQjd8",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQ2K26qQjd8"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8R8EiC8KnFc",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8R8EiC8KnFc"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgXhuKLO9U8",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgXhuKLO9U8"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/how-to-gigamap/",
            "url": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/how-to-gigamap/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/library-of-systemic-relations/",
            "url": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/library-of-systemic-relations/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460601110525",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17493460601110525"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254443548_Designing_for_Emergence_and_Innovation_Redesigning_Design",
            "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254443548_Designing_for_Emergence_and_Innovation_Redesigning_Design"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.2752/146069203790219344",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.2752/146069203790219344"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/archive/reports-resources/download-our-systems-shifting-design-report-1/",
            "url": "https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/archive/reports-resources/download-our-systems-shifting-design-report-1/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2017.12.001",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2017.12.001"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://systemic-design.net/rsd-symposia/rsd5-2016/rsd5-theory-method/",
            "url": "https://systemic-design.net/rsd-symposia/rsd5-2016/rsd5-theory-method/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/practicing-systems-oriented-design/",
            "url": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/practicing-systems-oriented-design/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/the-sod-picture-book/",
            "url": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/the-sod-picture-book/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://archive.nordes.org/index.php/n13/article/view/104",
            "url": "https://archive.nordes.org/index.php/n13/article/view/104"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.18848/978-1-86335-262-8/CGP",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.18848/978-1-86335-262-8/CGP"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://ocadu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/leganto/public/01OCUL_OCAD/citation/3097227990007481?auth=SAML",
            "url": "https://ocadu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/leganto/public/01OCUL_OCAD/citation/3097227990007481?auth=SAML"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "number": 7,
        "title": "Recognise recurring traps",
        "summary": "Double binds, schismogenesis, wicked problems, polycrisis, and viable organisation.",
        "exercise": "Could obeying one demand make another demand impossible to meet?",
        "source_url": "https://coevolving.com/ocadu/202601-sfin-6011/pro-forma/Whole_2026_SFIN6011_pro-forma_v0101a.html#Module_07",
        "links": [
          {
            "title": "https://intelligente-organisationen.de/downloads",
            "url": "https://intelligente-organisationen.de/downloads"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.10112",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.10112"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://openresearch.ocadu.ca/id/eprint/2744/",
            "url": "https://openresearch.ocadu.ca/id/eprint/2744/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2024.03.002",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2024.03.002"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4483556",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4483556"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7472-1_3",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7472-1_3"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_19",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_19"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://wiki.st-on.org/2022-02-21",
            "url": "https://wiki.st-on.org/2022-02-21"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ekzHzRMjOk",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ekzHzRMjOk"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZrh7gOSBc8",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZrh7gOSBc8"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyfpA1WSHcI",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyfpA1WSHcI"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3QlL7911b0",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3QlL7911b0"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0720-5_67",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0720-5_67"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0720-5_66",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0720-5_66"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0720-5_2",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0720-5_2"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_5",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_5"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_18",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_18"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920610675012",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920610675012"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/36381544_Design_for_Viable_Organizations_the_Diagnostic_Power_of_the_Viable_System_Model",
            "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/36381544_Design_for_Viable_Organizations_the_Diagnostic_Power_of_the_Viable_System_Model"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-009-9126-z",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-009-9126-z"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.academia.edu/80280504/The_Viable_System_Model_and_Its_Application_to_Complex_Organizations",
            "url": "https://www.academia.edu/80280504/The_Viable_System_Model_and_Its_Application_to_Complex_Organizations"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.937",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.937"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009546721353",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009546721353"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.academia.edu/126606769/Managing_Complexity_The_Path_Toward_Intelligent_Organizations",
            "url": "https://www.academia.edu/126606769/Managing_Complexity_The_Path_Toward_Intelligent_Organizations"
          },
          {
            "title": "http://journals.isss.org/index.php/proceedings50th/article/viewArticle/307",
            "url": "http://journals.isss.org/index.php/proceedings50th/article/viewArticle/307"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323495667_Systemic_design_for_sustainability",
            "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323495667_Systemic_design_for_sustainability"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920710747057",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920710747057"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "number": 8,
        "title": "Work with changing regimes",
        "summary": "Ecological complexity, panarchy, and anticipation.",
        "exercise": "Compare persistence with transformation. Whose continuity would each protect?",
        "source_url": "https://coevolving.com/ocadu/202601-sfin-6011/pro-forma/Whole_2026_SFIN6011_pro-forma_v0101a.html#Module_08",
        "links": [
          {
            "title": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/evaluation-tools/",
            "url": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/evaluation-tools/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.17226/4919",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.17226/4919"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.nationalacademies.org/read/4919/chapter/4",
            "url": "https://www.nationalacademies.org/read/4919/chapter/4"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat7850",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat7850"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364620v1.full",
            "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364620v1.full"
          },
          {
            "title": "http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss2/art5/",
            "url": "http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss2/art5/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2429",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2429"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/j.ecocom.2017.05.004",
            "url": "https://doi.org/j.ecocom.2017.05.004"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.academia.edu/113332203/Mapping_degrees_of_complexity_complicatedness_and_emergent_complexity",
            "url": "https://www.academia.edu/113332203/Mapping_degrees_of_complexity_complicatedness_and_emergent_complexity"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.3390/math10224172",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/math10224172"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbFBm7Hd0dk",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbFBm7Hd0dk"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhfmaXZPKEY",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhfmaXZPKEY"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57rJ4N0yPXw",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57rJ4N0yPXw"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6zirdtpzJI",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6zirdtpzJI"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhVlJDH3pTE",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhVlJDH3pTE"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Ol5Q12G7P4",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Ol5Q12G7P4"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/26/",
            "url": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/26/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-13374-270321",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-13374-270321"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.resalliance.org/discussion-papers",
            "url": "https://www.resalliance.org/discussion-papers"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.998",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.998"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00305-9",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00305-9"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487524142.007",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487524142.007"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.715",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.715"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2.3.197",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2.3.197"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_7",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7475-2_7"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "number": 9,
        "title": "Examine boundaries and participation",
        "summary": "Critical systems practice, boundary critique, systemic intervention, and dialogue.",
        "exercise": "Who can change the purpose, and who bears consequences without that authority?",
        "source_url": "https://coevolving.com/ocadu/202601-sfin-6011/pro-forma/Whole_2026_SFIN6011_pro-forma_v0101a.html#Module_09",
        "links": [
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7472-1_6",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7472-1_6"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.wiley.com/en-ca/Critical+Systems+Thinking+and+the+Management+of+Complexity-p-9781119118398",
            "url": "https://www.wiley.com/en-ca/Critical+Systems+Thinking+and+the+Management+of+Complexity-p-9781119118398"
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          {
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          {
            "title": "https://www.academia.edu/80280498/Team_syntegrity_A_new_methodology_for_group_work",
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            "title": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284738114_The_Banathy_Conversation_Methodology",
            "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284738114_The_Banathy_Conversation_Methodology"
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            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJZDIA5UCxw",
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          {
            "title": "https://vimeo.com/189864748",
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          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/download"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book",
            "url": "https://www.systemicdesigntoolkit.org/book"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.1020",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.1020"
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            "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333118236_Critical_Systems_Thinking_Systemic_Intervention_and_Beyond"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01059855",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01059855"
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          {
            "title": "https://www.academia.edu/23198804/Ulrich_W_1988_Systems_thinking_systems_practice_and_practical_philosophy_a_program_of_research",
            "url": "https://www.academia.edu/23198804/Ulrich_W_1988_Systems_thinking_systems_practice_and_practical_philosophy_a_program_of_research"
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            "title": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-525-3_17",
            "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-525-3_17"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.016",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.016"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262564679_Collaborative_foresight_Complementing_long-horizon_strategic_planning",
            "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262564679_Collaborative_foresight_Complementing_long-horizon_strategic_planning"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.3006",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.3006"
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          {
            "title": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379547678_Assessing_the_viability_of_virtual_structured_democratic_dialogue",
            "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379547678_Assessing_the_viability_of_virtual_structured_democratic_dialogue"
          },
          {
            "title": "http://journals.isss.org/index.php/proceedings50th/article/viewArticle/307",
            "url": "http://journals.isss.org/index.php/proceedings50th/article/viewArticle/307"
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        ]
      },
      {
        "number": 10,
        "title": "Learn across traditions",
        "summary": "Systems Changes Learning, pacing, and Indigenous contributions.",
        "exercise": "What responsibilities accompany borrowing a practice from another tradition?",
        "source_url": "https://coevolving.com/ocadu/202601-sfin-6011/pro-forma/Whole_2026_SFIN6011_pro-forma_v0101a.html#Module_10",
        "links": [
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            "url": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/timelines-scenarios-stories/"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.54808/JSCI.20.07.11",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.54808/JSCI.20.07.11"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://coevolving.com/commons/2023-02-recasting-and-reifying-rhythmic-shifts",
            "url": "https://coevolving.com/commons/2023-02-recasting-and-reifying-rhythmic-shifts"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://coevolving.com/blogs/index.php/archive/systems-thinking-through-changes/",
            "url": "https://coevolving.com/blogs/index.php/archive/systems-thinking-through-changes/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2025.2469859",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2025.2469859"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2024.2370539",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2024.2370539"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.47061/jabsc.v1i1.577",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.47061/jabsc.v1i1.577"
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          {
            "title": "https://coevolving.com/blogs/index.php/archive/pacing-changes-scio-finland/",
            "url": "https://coevolving.com/blogs/index.php/archive/pacing-changes-scio-finland/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://coevolving.com/blogs/index.php/archive/from-unfreezing-refreezing-eq-lab/",
            "url": "https://coevolving.com/blogs/index.php/archive/from-unfreezing-refreezing-eq-lab/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://coevolving.com/blogs/index.php/archive/yinyang-and-daojia-into-systems-thinking/",
            "url": "https://coevolving.com/blogs/index.php/archive/yinyang-and-daojia-into-systems-thinking/"
          },
          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncLv9Gk7XrI",
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          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvxkawMpjE0",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvxkawMpjE0"
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          {
            "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge95e05vfUQ",
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge95e05vfUQ"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.25918/thesis.194",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.25918/thesis.194"
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            "title": "https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3857/",
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            "url": "https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/oculocad-ebooks/reader.action?docID=166183&ppg=204&c=UERG"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12541",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12541"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.5406/21543682.53.1.02",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.5406/21543682.53.1.02"
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          {
            "title": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380260265_Sand_Talk_Process_Philosophy_and_Indigenous_Knowledges",
            "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380260265_Sand_Talk_Process_Philosophy_and_Indigenous_Knowledges"
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          {
            "title": "https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503251356471",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503251356471"
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        ]
      },
      {
        "number": 11,
        "title": "Review a synthesis, first round",
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        "exercise": "Ask another group to interpret a relationship without your explanation.",
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        "links": []
      },
      {
        "number": 12,
        "title": "Review a synthesis, second round",
        "summary": "Further synthesis-map review and development.",
        "exercise": "Record what changed after criticism and what disagreement remains.",
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        "links": []
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    ],
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      [
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        1
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      [
        "concept_unfix_causal_loop_diagrams",
        4
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      [
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        5
      ],
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        "approach_family_systems_changes_learning",
        10
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  },
  "training": [
    {
      "id": "necessary-tangle",
      "title": "Systems practice laboratory",
      "provider": "The Necessary Tangle",
      "url": "/systems-thinking/practice/",
      "access": "Open materials",
      "format": "Self-study",
      "topic": "practice",
      "summary": "Worked examples, exercises, and feedback across systems methods.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "leading-transformation",
      "title": "Leading Transformation: both module sequences",
      "provider": "The Necessary Tangle / PSTA",
      "url": "/learning/leading-transformation/",
      "access": "Open materials",
      "format": "Curriculum guide",
      "topic": "public services",
      "summary": "Original and revised 24-module structures, with an explicit crosswalk.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "ocad",
      "title": "Understanding Systems pro forma",
      "provider": "David Ing / OCAD",
      "url": "/corpora/ing-ocad/",
      "access": "Open materials",
      "format": "Curriculum guide",
      "topic": "design",
      "summary": "Twelve modules, source links, and editorial inquiry prompts; not an enrolment notice.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "scio",
      "title": "Systems practice professional development",
      "provider": "SCiO",
      "url": "https://www.systemspractice.org/professional-development",
      "access": "Provider terms",
      "format": "Courses and recordings",
      "topic": "practice",
      "summary": "Methods and intervention courses. Check the provider for current cohorts, recordings, and charges.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "scio-resources",
      "title": "SCiO resources",
      "provider": "SCiO",
      "url": "https://www.systemspractice.org/resources",
      "access": "Mixed access",
      "format": "Talks and resources",
      "topic": "practice",
      "summary": "Public and member resources; use source categories to inspect availability.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "psta-lt",
      "title": "Leading Transformation",
      "provider": "PSTA",
      "url": "https://www.publicservicetransformation.org/programmes/leading-transformation/",
      "access": "Provider terms",
      "format": "Programme",
      "topic": "public services",
      "summary": "Capability development for public service transformation; current arrangements belong to the provider.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "psta-ca",
      "title": "National Commissioning Academy",
      "provider": "PSTA",
      "url": "https://www.publicservicetransformation.org/programmes/national-commissioning-academy/",
      "access": "Provider terms",
      "format": "Programme",
      "topic": "public services",
      "summary": "A route into commissioning practice and capability.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "psta-ci",
      "title": "Commissioning and innovation",
      "provider": "PSTA",
      "url": "https://www.publicservicetransformation.org/programmes/commissioning-and-innovation/",
      "access": "Provider terms",
      "format": "Programme",
      "topic": "public services",
      "summary": "Commissioning, innovation, and learning in public services.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "psta-inhouse",
      "title": "In-house programmes",
      "provider": "PSTA",
      "url": "https://www.publicservicetransformation.org/in-house/",
      "access": "Provider terms",
      "format": "Organisation programme",
      "topic": "public services",
      "summary": "Programmes developed with organisations and partnerships.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "rq",
      "title": "Training and development",
      "provider": "RedQuadrant",
      "url": "https://www.redquadrant.com/training-and-development/",
      "access": "Provider terms",
      "format": "Organisation programme",
      "topic": "practice",
      "summary": "Consultancy and training routes; catalogue and arrangements are maintained by RedQuadrant.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "rq-tools",
      "title": "Toolshed",
      "provider": "RedQuadrant",
      "url": "https://www.redquadrant.com/toolshed/",
      "access": "Mixed access",
      "format": "Tools and resources",
      "topic": "practice",
      "summary": "Practical resources; inspect the individual resource and its conditions.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "complexity",
      "title": "Complexity Explorer",
      "provider": "Santa Fe Institute",
      "url": "https://www.complexityexplorer.org/courses",
      "access": "Free courses listed",
      "format": "Online courses",
      "topic": "complexity",
      "summary": "Self-paced courses and scheduled cohorts. Dates and tutorial availability vary.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "openlearn",
      "title": "Mastering systems thinking in practice",
      "provider": "Open University",
      "url": "https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/mastering-systems-thinking-practice/",
      "access": "Free",
      "format": "Self-study",
      "topic": "practice",
      "summary": "An open course introducing systems thinking in practice; follow the current course page.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "ou-resources",
      "title": "Systems thinking in practice resources",
      "provider": "Open University",
      "url": "https://www5.open.ac.uk/stem/engineering-and-innovation/teaching/systems-thinking-practice/systems-thinking-practice-resources",
      "access": "Mixed access",
      "format": "University resources",
      "topic": "practice",
      "summary": "Open learning routes alongside formal study options; distinguish course access from credit-bearing enrolment.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "isss",
      "title": "ISSS education resources",
      "provider": "ISSS",
      "url": "/learning/isss/",
      "access": "Open bibliography",
      "format": "Resource guide",
      "topic": "systems science",
      "summary": "Software, training leads, and a classified reading list. Listing does not establish current availability.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "isss-home",
      "title": "ISSS learning collections",
      "provider": "ISSS",
      "url": "https://www.isss.org/home/",
      "access": "Mixed access",
      "format": "Society resources",
      "topic": "systems science",
      "summary": "Routes to proceedings, the primer, wiki, and contributed learning maps.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    },
    {
      "id": "ru",
      "title": "Researcher modules",
      "provider": "Rational Understanding",
      "url": "/reading/researcher-modules/",
      "access": "Open reading",
      "format": "Self-study",
      "topic": "systems science",
      "summary": "Five source-based guides with explicit limits on translation between fields.",
      "checked": "2026-10-08"
    }
  ],
  "isss": {
    "url": "https://www.isss.org/students/",
    "status": "Bibliography and resource list read; listed books and articles have not all been read. Source spellings and edition ambiguities remain reviewable.",
    "readings": [
      {
        "category": "General overviews of systems methods",
        "citation": "Garson, G. D. 2009. Computerized simulation in the social sciences: A survey and evaluation. Simulation & Gaming 40.2: 267–279.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "General overviews of systems methods",
        "citation": "Gilbert, N., and K. G. Troitzsch. 1999. Simulation for the social scientist. Philadelphia: Open Univ. Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "General overviews of systems methods",
        "citation": "Lansing, J. S. 2003. Complex adaptive systems. Annual Review of Anthropology 32:183–204.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "General overviews of systems methods",
        "citation": "Miller, J. H., and S. E. Page. 2007. Complex adaptive systems: An introduction to computational models of social life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "General overviews of systems methods",
        "citation": "Mitchell, M. 2011. Complexity: A guided tour. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "General overviews of systems methods",
        "citation": "Shalizi, C. R. 2006. Methods and techniques of complex systems science: An overview. In Complex systems science in biomedicine . Edited by T. S. Deisboeck and J. Yasha Kresh, 33–114. New York: Springer.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "de Savigny, D., and T. Adam, eds. 2009. Systems thinking for health systems strengthening. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Epstein, J. M. & Axtell, R. (1996). Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Finegood, D. T., L. Johnston, P. Giabbanelli, et al. 2012. Complexity and systems theory . Oxford Bibliographies: Public Health. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.",
        "links": [
          "http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756797/obo-9780199756797-0049.xml"
        ],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Galea, S., M. Riddle, and G. A. Kaplan. 2010. Causal thinking and complex system approaches in epidemiology. International Journal of Epidemiology 39:97–106.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Gilbert, N. & Troitzsch, Klaus G. (2005) Simulation for the Social Scientist . (Second Edition). New York: Open University Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Heppenstall, A. J., Crooks, A. T., See, L. M., Batty, M. (Eds.) (2012). Agent-Based Models of Geographical Systems . Dordrecht: Springer.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Janssen, M.A. (2015). Introduction to Agent Based Modeling.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Leischow, S. J., A. Best, W. M. Trochim, et al. 2008. Systems thinking to improve the public’s health. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 35.2: S196–S203.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Luke, D. A., and K. A. Stamatakis. 2012. Systems science methods in public health: Dynamics, networks and agents. Annual Review of Public Health 33:357–376.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Norman, C. D. 2009. Health promotion as a systems science and practice. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 15.5: 868–872.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Plsek, P. E., and T. Greenhalgh. 2001. The challenge of complexity in health care. British Medical Journal 323:625–628.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Railsback, S. F. & Grimm, V. (2012). Agent-Based and Individual-Based Modeling . Princeton: Princeton University Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Shoham, Y. & Leyton-Brown, K. (2009). Multiagent Systems: Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, and Logical Foundations . New York: Cambridge University Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Weiss, G. (Ed.) (1999). Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Wilensky, U. & Rand, W. (2015). An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling: Modeling Natural, Social, and Engineered Complex Systems with NetLogo . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Modelling methods",
        "citation": "Willis, C. D., C. Mitton, J. Gordon, and A. Best. 2012. Systems tools for systems change. BMJ Quality and Safety 21.3: 250–262.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Agent-based models",
        "citation": "Auchincloss, A. H., and A. V. Diez Roux. 2008. A new tool for epidemiology: The usefulness of dynamic-agent models in understanding place effects on health. American Journal of Epidemiology 168.1: 1–8.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Agent-based models",
        "citation": "Berk, R. 2008. How you can tell if the simulations in computational criminology are any good. Journal of Experimental Criminology 4:289–308.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Agent-based models",
        "citation": "Epstein, J. M. 2006. Generative social science: Studies in agent-based computational modeling. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Agent-based models",
        "citation": "Galea, S., C. Hall, and G. A. Kaplan. 2008. Social epidemiology and complex system dynamic modeling as applied to health behavior and drug use research. International Journal of Drug Policy 20.3: 209–216.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Agent-based models",
        "citation": "Gilbert, N. 2008. Agent-based models. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Agent-based models",
        "citation": "Grimm, V., U. Berger, F. Bastiansen, et al. 2006. A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models. Ecological Modeling 198:115–126.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Agent-based models",
        "citation": "Israel, N., and M. Wolf-Branigin. 2011. Nonlinearity in social service evaluation: A primer on agent-based modeling. Social Work Research 35.1: 20–24.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Agent-based models",
        "citation": "Railsback, S. F., and V. Grimm. 2012. Agent-based and individual-based modeling: A practical introduction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Social network models",
        "citation": "Borgatti, S. P., A. Mehra, D. J. Brass, and G. Labianca. 2009. Network analysis in the social sciences. Science Magazine 323:892–895.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Social network models",
        "citation": "Christakis, N. A., and J. H. Fowler. 2009. Social network visualization in epidemiology. Norsk Epidemiology 19.1: 5–16.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Social network models",
        "citation": "Hawe, P., C. Webster, and A. Shiell. 2004. A glossary of terms for navigating the field of social network analysis. Journal of Epidemiological and Community Health 58:971–975.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Social network models",
        "citation": "Knoke, D., and S. Yang. 2008. Social network analysis. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Social network models",
        "citation": "Luke, D. A., and J. K. Harris. 2007. Social network analysis in public health: History, methods, and applications. Annual Review of Public Health 28:69–93.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Social network models",
        "citation": "Smith, K. P., and N. A. Christakis. 2008. Social networks and health. Annual Review of Sociology 34:405–429.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Social network models",
        "citation": "Valente, T. W. 2010. Social networks and health: Models, methods, and applications. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Social network models",
        "citation": "Wasserman, S., and K. Faust. 1994. Social network analysis: Methods and applications. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "System dynamics models",
        "citation": "Forrester, J. W. 2007. System dynamics—a personal view of the first fifty years. System Dynamics Review 23.2–3: 345–358.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
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        "category": "System dynamics models",
        "citation": "Groesser, S. N., and M. Schwaninger. 2012. Contributions to model validation: Hierarchy, process, and cessation. System Dynamics Review 28.2: 157–181.",
        "links": [],
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      },
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        "citation": "Homer, J. B., and G. B. Hirsch. 2006. System dynamics modeling for public health: Background and opportunities. American Journal of Public Health 3:452–458.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
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        "citation": "Rahmandad, H., and J. D. Sterman. 2012. Reporting guidelines for simulation-based research in social sciences. System Dynamics Review 28.4: 396–411.",
        "links": [],
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      },
      {
        "category": "System dynamics models",
        "citation": "Richardson, G. P. 1991. Feedback thought in social science and systems theory. Waltham, MA: Pegasus.",
        "links": [],
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      },
      {
        "category": "System dynamics models",
        "citation": "Sterman, J. D. 2000. Business dynamics: Systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Boston: McGraw Hill.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
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        "category": "System dynamics models",
        "citation": "Sterman, J. D. 2006. Learning from evidence in a complex world. American Journal of Public Health 96.3: 505–514.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Underlying theoretical constructs",
        "citation": "Cederman, L.-K. 2005. Computational models of social forms: Advancing generative process theory. American Journal of Sociology 110:864–893.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Underlying theoretical constructs",
        "citation": "Centola, D., and M. Macy. 2007. Complex contagions and the weakness of long ties. American Journal of Sociology 113.3: 702–734.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Underlying theoretical constructs",
        "citation": "Granovetter, M. S. 1973. The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology 78.6: 1360–1380.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Underlying theoretical constructs",
        "citation": "Groesser, S. N., and M. Schaffernicht. 2012. Mental models of dynamic systems: Taking stock and looking ahead. System Dynamics Review 28.1: 46–68.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Underlying theoretical constructs",
        "citation": "Hedstrom, P., and P. Ylikoski. 2010. Causal mechanisms in the social sciences. Annual Review of Sociology 36:49–67.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Underlying theoretical constructs",
        "citation": "Richardson, G. P. 2011. Reflections on the foundations of system dynamics. System Dynamics Review 27.3: 219–243.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Underlying theoretical constructs",
        "citation": "Watts, D. J. 2004. The “new” science of networks. Annual Review of Sociology 30:243–270.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Underlying theoretical constructs",
        "citation": "Wolstenholme, E. F. 1992. The definition and application of a stepwise approach to model conceptualisation and analysis. European Journal of Operational Research 59:123–136.",
        "links": [],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Comparing and combining methods",
        "citation": "Bobashev, G. V., J. M. Epstein, D. M. Goedecke, and F. Yu. 2007. A hybrid epidemic model: Combining the advantages of agent- based and equation-based approaches. In Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference , 9–12 December 2007, Washington, DC. Edited by S. G. Henderson, N. Niller, M.-H. Hsieh, J. Shortle, J. D. Tew, and R. R. Barton, 1532–1537. New York: Association for Computing Machinery.",
        "links": [
          "http://www.informs-sim.org/wsc07papers/186.pdf"
        ],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Comparing and combining methods",
        "citation": "Borshchev, A., and A. Filippov. 2004. From system dynamics and discrete event to practical agent based modeling: Reasons, techniques, tools. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference of the System Dynamics Society , 25–29 July 2004, Oxford, England. Edited by M. Kennedy, G. W. Winch, R. S. Langer, J. I. Rowe, and J. M. Yanni. Albany, NY: Systems Dynamics Society.",
        "links": [
          "http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/systemdyndiscreteeventabmcompared.borshchevfilippov04.pdf"
        ],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Comparing and combining methods",
        "citation": "El-Sayed, A., P. Scarborough, L. Seemann, and S. Galea. 2012. Social network analysis and agent-based modeling in social epidemiology. Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations 9:1.",
        "links": [
          "http://archive.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1742-5573-9-1.pdf"
        ],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      },
      {
        "category": "Comparing and combining methods",
        "citation": "Epstein, J. M., J. Parker, D. Cummings, and R. A. Hammond. 2008. Coupled dynamics of fear and disease: Mathematical and computational explorations. PLoS ONE 3.12: e3955.",
        "links": [
          "http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003955"
        ],
        "status": "Bibliographic lead; full-text review pending"
      }
    ],
    "resources": [
      {
        "title": "CoMSES Net's Job Board",
        "url": "https://www.comses.net/jobs/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Insight Maker",
        "url": "https://insightmaker.com/"
      },
      {
        "title": "MATLAB",
        "url": "https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "AnyLogic",
        "url": "https://www.anylogic.com/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Enthought Python Distribution",
        "url": "http://www.enthought.com/products/epd.php"
      },
      {
        "title": "NetLogo",
        "url": "https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Stella / iThink",
        "url": "https://www.iseesystems.com/store/products/ithink.aspx"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vensim",
        "url": "https://vensim.com/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Payjek",
        "url": "http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/pajek/"
      },
      {
        "title": "RePast.",
        "url": "http://repast.sourceforge.net/"
      },
      {
        "title": "https://cadcad.org/",
        "url": "https://cadcad.org/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Santa Fe Institute",
        "url": "https://www.santafe.edu/engage/learn/courses"
      },
      {
        "title": "Model Thinking",
        "url": "https://class.coursera.org/modelthinking/lecture/index"
      },
      {
        "title": "Software Carpentry",
        "url": "https://software-carpentry.org/workshops/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Complexity Explorer",
        "url": "https://www.complexityexplorer.org/courses"
      },
      {
        "title": "CoMSES Net's Calendar",
        "url": "http://www.comses.net/events/calendar/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Complexity Weekend http://complexityweekend.com/",
        "url": "http://complexityweekend.com/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Computational Modeling Journals",
        "url": "https://www.comses.net/resources/journals/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Modeling Platforms",
        "url": "https://www.comses.net/resources/modeling-platforms/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Agent-based Model Documentation Protocol",
        "url": "https://www.comses.net/resources/standards/ "
      },
      {
        "title": "Guides to Good Practice",
        "url": "https://www.comses.net/resources/guides-to-good-practice/"
      },
      {
        "title": "CoMSES",
        "url": "https://www.comses.net/codebases/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Net Code Library",
        "url": "https://www.comses.net/codebases/"
      }
    ]
  },
  "principles": [
    [
      "State what a map is for",
      "A diagram is an argument made for a purpose and audience. Record its boundary, omissions, date, author, and intended use."
    ],
    [
      "Let traditions overlap",
      "Systems thinking, complexity, and cybernetics have overlapping histories and diverse internal positions. Do not turn a convenient region into a closed disciplinary border."
    ],
    [
      "Explain every relationship",
      "A line might record citation, teaching, collaboration, a formal dependence, or an author’s interpretation. Direction, evidence, and scope must travel with the line."
    ],
    [
      "Keep alternatives inspectable",
      "Readers should be able to change focus, filters, scale, and representation without losing their place. A textual account must remain available alongside a visual one."
    ],
    [
      "Treat inheritance as a responsibility",
      "Attribution is more than attaching a famous name. Attend to translation, borrowing, exclusion, recovery, and the conditions under which a practice is shared."
    ],
    [
      "Distinguish absence from unimportance",
      "Coverage reflects access, languages, source selection, and editorial effort. A sparse region is a research question, not proof of a peripheral tradition."
    ],
    [
      "Compare without flattening",
      "A shared word or similar shape does not establish equivalence. Keep domain-specific meanings and disagreements visible; justify each proposed correspondence."
    ],
    [
      "Keep a map revisable",
      "Expose corrections and uncertain interpretations. Preserve source maps separately from the atlas claims that further evidence may justify."
    ]
  ],
  "principle_sources": [
    {
      "title": "Why I hope we could do better than the Castellani complexity map | Systems Community of Inquiry",
      "url": "https://stream.syscoi.com/2019/12/21/why-i-hope-we-could-do-better-than-the-castellani-complexity-map/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Bringing together some recent and old threads on #systemsthinking is #complexity is #cybernetics | Systems Community of Inquiry",
      "url": "https://stream.syscoi.com/2020/04/21/bringing-together-some-reason-and-old-threads-on-systemsthinking-is-complexity-is-cybernetics/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lineages of Systems Practices - School of System Change",
      "url": "https://www.schoolofsystemchange.org/blog/lineages-of-systems-practices"
    }
  ],
  "maps": [
    [
      "Map of Systemic Evolution",
      "Benjamin Hadorn",
      "/prior-maps/systemic-evolution/",
      "Source-owner-reviewed package preserved: 650 nodes and 1,320 source links. Existing reconciliation is not automatic equivalence.",
      "Independent evidence for selected influences; further human reconciliation requires a finite cohort and named reviewer."
    ],
    [
      "Map of the Complexity Sciences",
      "Brian Castellani",
      "/prior-maps/castellani/",
      "307 outward destinations retained. This release records a fresh reachability check without changing source-published labels.",
      "Review 28 alt/title disagreements and interpret destination mismatches; HTTP success does not settle accuracy."
    ],
    [
      "Counted map",
      "Public bibliometric comparator",
      "/prior-maps/counted-map/",
      "98 nodes and 1,856 aggregate signals remain a separate comparator.",
      "Recover the lawful input manifest and missing shrink step before claiming independent reproducibility."
    ],
    [
      "CoExplorer maps",
      "CoExplorer source collections",
      "/prior-maps/coexplorer/",
      "Existing nine-source review preserves the distinction between article reading and individual entry verification.",
      "Reconcile individual propositions only where their sources justify a controlled relation."
    ],
    [
      "Lineages of systems practices",
      "Laura Winn and Saskia Rysenbry",
      "https://www.schoolofsystemchange.org/blog/lineages-of-systems-practices",
      "The authors describe a situated, non-exhaustive visual exploration of overlapping currents and inheritances.",
      "Keep its situated and non-exhaustive scope; do not impose precise dates on its currents."
    ],
    [
      "Some streams of systemic thought",
      "Eric Schwarz / IIGSS, May 2001",
      "https://www.iigss.net/",
      "Several available copies share this extracted heading, including filenames suggesting other authors. Filenames are insufficient evidence of authorship.",
      "Locate the source image and licence; compare versions before treating files as duplicates."
    ],
    [
      "The genesis of complexity",
      "Ralph H. Abraham, draft dated 31 July 2002",
      "",
      "A draft historical account was identified in the available map materials.",
      "Confirm an authoritative public edition and distinguish historical argument from a relation dataset."
    ],
    [
      "Foundations: history timeline",
      "American Society for Cybernetics",
      "https://asc-cybernetics.org/foundations/timeline.htm",
      "A public chronology provides dated historical leads.",
      "Each proposed teaching, influence, or collaboration relation needs its own evidence."
    ],
    [
      "Systems Science: An Atlas",
      "Lynn Rasmussen, 21 November 2020",
      "https://vimeo.com/485567409",
      "The inspected text-only copy identifies Rasmussen and acknowledges Troncale and Tuddenham.",
      "Recover the diagrams and their stated semantics before mapping individual relationships."
    ],
    [
      "Field of systems thinking",
      "Clare Wright, 2012, figure 12",
      "",
      "The inspected extract attributes the figure to Wright and describes inspiration from Castellani.",
      "Locate the complete thesis and figure; avoid attributing the work from a storage filename."
    ],
    [
      "History of ideas: cybernetics and systems science",
      "Version 1.0, 2006; attribution to verify",
      "",
      "A diagram was identified in the available source material.",
      "Resolve authorship, rights, and the meaning of connectors before transcription."
    ],
    [
      "Linkage propositions map",
      "Len Troncale, 1978",
      "",
      "Its caption distinguishes concept-to-packet or packet-to-packet solid lines from concept-to-concept dotted lines; crossings do not establish junctions.",
      "Locate the complete figure and Table I together, then transcribe the specified relation types."
    ],
    [
      "Systems Maps collection",
      "Collection attribution to verify",
      "",
      "A collection overview was inspected; a text-search result is not a complete inventory of image-only files.",
      "Obtain a complete file listing and reconcile image-only items without publishing private storage details."
    ]
  ],
  "actions": [
    {
      "id": "corpora",
      "title": "Corpus programme",
      "status": "Partly complete",
      "url": "/library/",
      "result": "Inventories and reading routes exist; complete item-by-item reading of all private holdings, FPCS, Monoskop, SysCoI/model.report, and the SFI podcast remains a research programme."
    },
    {
      "id": "map",
      "title": "Map navigation and representations",
      "status": "Implemented in 0.31",
      "url": "/#view=map",
      "result": "Refocus preserves layer, family, and scale. Graph and card state has real links, edge selection survives reload, and modified clicks keep browser behaviour."
    },
    {
      "id": "reading",
      "title": "Canonical reading and developed entries",
      "status": "Partly complete",
      "url": "/reading-list.html",
      "result": "Canonical and named-entry coverage exists. Further primary-source depth and editorial review are required; presence is not a full-text-reading claim."
    },
    {
      "id": "governance",
      "title": "Editorial roles and participation",
      "status": "Available; stewardship work remains",
      "url": "/#view=contribute",
      "result": "Email corrections work without a GitHub account. Public issue status remains visible. Named stewards and curators, rather than AI, own acceptance decisions; no access rights or invitations changed."
    },
    {
      "id": "identity",
      "title": "Attribution, visibility, and lineage",
      "status": "Partly complete",
      "url": "/prior-maps/principles/",
      "result": "The reader now states map principles explicitly. Documentary visibility is separated from identity inference; human lineage and exclusion claims still require evidence."
    },
    {
      "id": "logos",
      "title": "Living marks",
      "status": "Implemented previously",
      "url": "/",
      "result": "Still and moving marks, playback control, random selection, and reduced-motion handling remain available."
    },
    {
      "id": "editorial",
      "title": "Public wording and source precision",
      "status": "Implemented; continuing audit",
      "url": "/#view=about",
      "result": "Standalone prose, full names, source locators, and explicit candidate labels are retained. New route copy follows these constraints."
    },
    {
      "id": "observations",
      "title": "Iteration observations",
      "status": "Refreshed in 0.31",
      "url": "/#view=ai-observations",
      "result": "Graph measurements are recalculated. The new observation distinguishes bibliographic access, conceptual evidence, and human review."
    },
    {
      "id": "prior",
      "title": "Comparator programme",
      "status": "Partly complete",
      "url": "/prior-maps/review-2026-10/",
      "result": "Existing comparators preserved; all 307 Castellani destinations checked. Rights, 28 label disagreements, reconciliation, and reproducibility limits remain explicit."
    },
    {
      "id": "named",
      "title": "Named missing entries and method lists",
      "status": "Covered by prior releases; depth varies",
      "url": "/coverage/named/",
      "result": "Named coverage and unFIX 32 have published registers. These establish admission and coverage, not equal depth or universal endorsement."
    },
    {
      "id": "training",
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      "status": "Open",
      "next": "Precise bibliographic and proposition-level reconciliation with the atlas."
    },
    {
      "number": 12,
      "title": "Corpus pass: Principia Cybernetica and canonical public source register",
      "url": "https://github.com/antlerboy/the-necessary-tangle/issues/12",
      "status": "Open",
      "next": "Maintain the existing register and deepen source-specific coverage rather than equating listing with reading."
    },
    {
      "number": 11,
      "title": "Map v2: richer layers, usable zoom and emergent neighbourhoods",
      "url": "https://github.com/antlerboy/the-necessary-tangle/issues/11",
      "status": "Open",
      "next": "Navigation repairs are delivered; further emergent grouping requires justified semantics and reader evaluation."
    },
    {
      "number": 10,
      "title": "Governance: membership roles, access and agent-assisted contributions",
      "url": "https://github.com/antlerboy/the-necessary-tangle/issues/10",
      "status": "Open",
      "next": "Human decisions on membership and responsibility; no changes to GitHub access."
    },
    {
      "number": 8,
      "title": "Discovery pass: company knowledge and public-source replacement",
      "url": "https://github.com/antlerboy/the-necessary-tangle/issues/8",
      "status": "Open",
      "next": "Complete folder inventory and lawful public replacements; private holdings remain private."
    },
    {
      "number": 7,
      "title": "Lineage model: map practitioner influence constellations, teaching and collaboration",
      "url": "https://github.com/antlerboy/the-necessary-tangle/issues/7",
      "status": "Open",
      "next": "Source-located teaching, collaboration, correspondence, and influence claims; no automated identity inference."
    },
    {
      "number": 6,
      "title": "Comparator pass: prior maps, bodies of knowledge and the Castellani complexity map critique",
      "url": "https://github.com/antlerboy/the-necessary-tangle/issues/6",
      "status": "Open",
      "next": "Human reconciliation and independent evidence for proposed canonical relations."
    },
    {
      "number": 5,
      "title": "Archive pass: SysCoI and model.report as historical evidence and discovery corpora",
      "url": "https://github.com/antlerboy/the-necessary-tangle/issues/5",
      "status": "Open",
      "next": "Repeatable complete-archive ingestion and item-level review, beyond recent-post intake."
    },
    {
      "number": 4,
      "title": "Corpus pass: relevant Monoskop material for systems | cybernetics | complexity",
      "url": "https://github.com/antlerboy/the-necessary-tangle/issues/4",
      "status": "Open",
      "next": "A finite admission/exclusion register for relevant source items, with locators."
    },
    {
      "number": 3,
      "title": "Corpus pass: Foundational Papers in Complexity Science",
      "url": "https://github.com/antlerboy/the-necessary-tangle/issues/3",
      "status": "Open",
      "next": "Complete primary-paper reading and claim-level review beyond the existing inventory."
    },
    {
      "number": 2,
      "title": "Running feedback for the next iteration",
      "url": "https://github.com/antlerboy/the-necessary-tangle/issues/2",
      "status": "Open",
      "next": "Full comment-by-comment disposition is now published; open actions remain linked."
    }
  ]
}
