{
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "canonical_url": "https://transduction.systems/entries/practice_systems_practice/",
  "release": "0.35",
  "citation": "Taylor, B. P. (2026). Systems practice. The Necessary Tangle, release 0.35. https://transduction.systems/entries/practice_systems_practice/",
  "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0 for original atlas text and data; linked works retain their own terms",
  "entry": {
    "id": "practice_systems_practice",
    "label": "Systems practice",
    "entity_type": "practice",
    "description": "The situated use of systems ideas, methods and judgement to inquire and act in a problematic situation. It includes choosing boundaries, combining approaches, learning from consequences and allowing the inquiry to change the practitioner as well as the situation.",
    "aliases": [],
    "boundary_ring": "0",
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      "src_taylor_systems_terms_2022"
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      "systems",
      "practice",
      "leadership",
      "release_0_10"
    ],
    "espoused_labels": [],
    "observed_clusters": [],
    "canonical_definition": "",
    "valid_from": "",
    "valid_to": "",
    "external_ids": "{}",
    "geographies": [],
    "licence": "",
    "review_status": "curator_checked_public_sources",
    "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-08-10",
    "x": 0.08,
    "y": 0.39,
    "canonical_id": "practice_systems_practice",
    "public_visibility": "public",
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    "public_stub_text": "",
    "public_source_count": 4,
    "no_public_link_count": 0
  },
  "profile": {
    "node_id": "practice_systems_practice",
    "title": "Systems practice",
    "profile_status": "curator_checked_public_sources",
    "canonical_definition": "The situated use of systems ideas, methods and judgement to inquire and act in a problematic situation. It includes choosing boundaries, combining approaches, learning from consequences and allowing the inquiry to change the practitioner as well as the situation.",
    "summary": "Situated inquiry and action using systems concepts, approaches, models and intervention judgement. Professional practice includes choosing and combining approaches, working with stakeholders and power, testing consequences, learning and reflecting on the practitioner’s own participation.",
    "why_it_matters": "Systems practice is wider than systems mapping and wider than any single methodology. The occupational standard and SCiO competence structure join systems concepts, multiple approaches, modelling, intervention, engagement and reflexive professional practice.",
    "key_distinctions": [
      "practice versus tool use",
      "model versus situation",
      "method competence versus method loyalty",
      "analysis versus intervention",
      "first-order description versus reflexive participation"
    ],
    "historical_lineage": [
      "systems methodologies and operational research",
      "critical and soft systems traditions",
      "cybernetic management and organisational learning",
      "professional standards and apprenticeship practice"
    ],
    "logical_antecedents": [
      "Systems theory",
      "Boundary",
      "Purpose",
      "Observer",
      "Learning"
    ],
    "dependent_subsequents": [
      "Systemic intervention",
      "Multi-methodology",
      "Reflective practice",
      "Professional capability"
    ],
    "practice_connections": [
      "work with at least several approaches and know their limits",
      "choose scope, scale and participation explicitly",
      "make reasoning and evidence inspectable",
      "learn from the consequences of intervention"
    ],
    "espoused_lineages": [],
    "observed_clusters": [],
    "common_misreadings": [
      "that systems practice is simply systems mapping",
      "that the practitioner can remain outside the situation",
      "that more tools create better judgement",
      "that professionalisation removes contest and uncertainty"
    ],
    "open_checks": [
      "connect capability statements to documented cases and failure modes",
      "compare professional standards with practitioner-defined accounts of good work"
    ],
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      "src_scio_professional_body_current",
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      "src_skills_england_st0787_v12",
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    "evidence_ids": [],
    "last_researched": "2026-08-14",
    "review_status": "curator_checked_public_sources",
    "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-08-14",
    "editorial_note": "A developed working distinction for this release. The term remains contested and should be tested against rival usage and practice."
  },
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      "scope_conditions": "Limited to the named sources. Documentary connection, conceptual influence, teaching use and effectiveness are distinct claims.",
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      "source_locator": "About the Journal, paragraphs 22–36, especially the scope and reflexive-inquiry statements",
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      "scope_conditions": "The official scope establishes a venue for systemic practitioners and practice-based reflexive inquiry; it does not establish adherence to complex responsive processes.",
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      "inference_method": "close reading of the official journal scope",
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      "notes": "The journal describes itself as a venue for relationally attuned systemic practitioners and asks contributors to speak from within as well as about practice.",
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      "notes": "Systems-change work may use systems practice to inquire, intervene and learn rather than treating change as a pre-specified implementation.",
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      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
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      "notes": "Systems convening and systems practice can reinforce one another, but systems convening arose from social learning rather than systems theory.",
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      "notes": "Systems leadership may use systems practice, but the leadership label alone does not establish competence in it.",
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    {
      "id": "e_10_practice_applies_boundary",
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      "notes": "Choosing scope, scale, stakeholders and system levels is a core practical responsibility.",
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    {
      "id": "e_10_practice_generalises_systemic_intervention",
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      "notes": "Systems practice is broader than the named Systemic Intervention methodology and may contain it among several approaches.",
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      "id": "e_10_practice_uses_theory",
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      "evidence_ids": [],
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    {
      "id": "e_12_opening_practice",
      "source": "publication_opening_the_box",
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      "relation_family": "practice",
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      "dependency_kind": "",
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      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
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      "notes": "The book is explicitly designed to support systems-thinking conversation and application.",
      "plain_phrase": "puts into practical form",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
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      "id": "e_12_scio_self_practice",
      "source": "organisation_scio_systems_and_complexity_in_organisation",
      "target": "practice_systems_practice",
      "relation_type": "self_identifies_with",
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      "dependency_kind": "",
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      "notes": "SCiO publicly describes its purpose as developing and supporting systems-thinking practice.",
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      "notes": "The essay presents disciplines for acting with systems under uncertainty.",
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      "id": "e_13_hidden_practice",
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      "notes": "The framework supports context-sensitive selection and change of practice.",
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      "notes": "Distributed narrative inquiry supplies situated material for systems practice.",
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      "url": "https://hbr.org/2007/11/a-leaders-framework-for-decision-making",
      "date": "2007-11",
      "notes": "Harvard Business Review record for the article by David J. Snowden and Mary E. Boone. It is a widely circulated practice-facing account of Cynefin; use it alongside earlier and later framework sources rather than as the entire theory.",
      "creators": [
        "David J. Snowden",
        "Mary E. Boone"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Harvard Business Review",
      "licence": "publisher_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-11",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_cynefin_sensemaker_official_2026",
      "title": "SenseMaker — The Cynefin Company",
      "source_type": "official_product_and_method_page",
      "quality_tier": "A",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://thecynefin.co/sensemaker/",
      "date": "current; checked 2026-08-11",
      "notes": "Canonical first-party description of SenseMaker and its use of self-interpreted micro-narratives. Use project reports and independent evaluations for claims about results in particular settings.",
      "creators": [
        "The Cynefin Company"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "The Cynefin Company",
      "licence": "site_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-11",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_scio_cf_resources_2022",
      "title": "SCiO CF Resources v9 draft",
      "source_type": "professional_framework_resource_guide",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "no_public_link",
      "url": "",
      "date": "2022-09-15",
      "notes": "SCiO internal competency-resource draft; no public link. Public SCiO accreditation pages are linked separately where possible.",
      "creators": [
        "SCiO"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "",
      "licence": "",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "pass4_legacy_internal_register_audit",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-14",
      "public_link_status": "no_public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_grammar_presentation_2022",
      "title": "The Grammar of Systems - SCiO presentation",
      "source_type": "presentation",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://www.systemspractice.org/resources/grammar-systems",
      "date": "2022-03-21",
      "notes": "Lists 33 systems laws and principles and describes nine patterns of thinking.",
      "creators": [
        "Patrick Hoverstadt"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "SCiO",
      "licence": "site_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_grammar_2ed_2025",
      "title": "The Grammar of Systems II: From Order to Chaos and Back Again, 2nd edition",
      "source_type": "book",
      "quality_tier": "B",
      "access": "public_metadata",
      "url": "https://www.systemspractice.org/resources/grammar-systems-ii-order-chaos-back-again-2nd-ed",
      "date": "2025-08-01",
      "notes": "Current second-edition metadata. The book presents nine systems-thinking patterns and 33 systems laws and principles.",
      "creators": [
        "Patrick Hoverstadt"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "979-8298960878",
      "publisher": "SCiO",
      "licence": "publisher_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_lib26_3d2e2710c49aaf3d",
      "title": "Systems leadership, change, theory and practice",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://antlerboy.com/library/files/talks/systems-leadership-change-theory-and-practice.pdf",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Public Antlerboy manifest. PDF text indexed; located concept terms, not a full scholarly review. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Benjamin P Taylor"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Benjamin P Taylor public work library",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2023"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_lib26_a9c290f694efcc45",
      "title": "Large-group processes",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://antlerboy.com/library/files/talks/large-group-processes.pdf",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Public Antlerboy manifest. PDF text indexed; located concept terms, not a full scholarly review. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Benjamin P Taylor"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Benjamin P Taylor public work library",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_taylor_better_conversations_2025",
      "title": "Better conversations for better realities: learning loops to break the devil's bargain",
      "source_type": "public_teaching_material",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://antlerboy.com/library/files/talks/better-conversations-for-better-realities.pdf",
      "date": "2025-07-01",
      "notes": "Public author teaching deck connecting multiple worlds, whole-system planning, the ladder of inference and reinforcing feedback. Public PDF linked on 2026-09-19; the earlier unpublished access description is superseded.",
      "creators": [
        "Benjamin P Taylor"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Benjamin P Taylor public work library",
      "licence": "not_publicly_licensed",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "public_file_identity_checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_9372bc830179ee4a",
      "title": "Conscious Systemic Leadership",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.47061/jasc.v3i1.5416",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Rajneesh Chowdhury"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Presencing Institute, Inc.",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2023"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_a861f0a203ae17b0",
      "title": "Complexity theory and leadership practice: A review, a critique, and some recommendations",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.07.002",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Jonathan Rosenhead",
        "L. Alberto Franco",
        "Keith Grint",
        "Barton Friedland"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2019"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_f455a61e7d99311f",
      "title": "Designing Social Systems in a Changing World",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9981-1",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Bela H. Banathy"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Springer US",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "1996"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_82aabbef7e96f5ee",
      "title": "Designing interagency responses to wicked problems: A viable system model board game",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.06.040",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Pamela Sydelko",
        "Angela Espinosa",
        "Gerald Midgley"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_f470df5093de1c87",
      "title": "Distinctions, systems, relationships, and perspectives (DSRP): A theory of thinking and of things",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2008.04.001",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Derek Cabrera",
        "Laura Colosi"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2008"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_f696ab2d29f427be",
      "title": "RETHINKING THE UNITY OF SCIENCE",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/03081070108960713",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "GERALD MIDGLEY"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Informa UK Limited",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2001"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_a232c0bfdbc16b38",
      "title": "A systemic approach to processes of power in learning organizations",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-10-2017-0101",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Robert L. Flood",
        "Norma R.A. Romm"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Emerald",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2018"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_a63f52d3fe0bc7c0",
      "title": "Systems Approaches to Managing Change: A Practical Guide",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-809-4",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Springer London",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2010"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_00af06832220cec5",
      "title": "SYSTEMIC INTERVENTION IN CREATIVE MANAGING PROBLEMS IN ENTERPRISES",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2013.833546",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Slavica P. Petrovic"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Vilnius Gediminas Technical University",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2015"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_594453dda6c91df3",
      "title": "Learning to appreciate learning systems for environmental decision making: a ‘work‐in‐progress’ perspective",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.697",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Christine Blackmore"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Wiley",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2005"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_137c9549b0cafab0",
      "title": "Definitions and Development of Systems Thinking",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53571-5_2",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Haim Shaked",
        "Chen Schechter"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Springer International Publishing",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2017"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_9d21eb195a302c94",
      "title": "The dynamics of purposeful change: a model",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10243-230304",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Howard Silverman",
        "Gregory M. Hill"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Resilience Alliance, Inc.",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2018"
    }
  ],
  "evidence_locators": [],
  "reuse_note": "Preserve source attribution, scope, and review status. Source documents and evidence excerpts are excluded."
}
