{
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "canonical_url": "https://transduction.systems/entries/method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework/",
  "release": "0.35",
  "citation": "Taylor, B. P. (2026). Cynefin framework. The Necessary Tangle, release 0.35. https://transduction.systems/entries/method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework/",
  "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0 for original atlas text and data; linked works retain their own terms",
  "entry": {
    "id": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
    "label": "Cynefin framework",
    "entity_type": "method_or_methodology",
    "description": "Decision-support framework for discerning context and choosing approaches on the basis of bounded applicability, distinguishing ordered, complex, chaotic and aporetic conditions and their dynamics.",
    "aliases": [
      "Cynefin",
      "Cynefin Framework"
    ],
    "boundary_ring": "0",
    "inclusion_reason": "snowden_cynefin_canonical_sources_release_0_14",
    "status": "accepted",
    "source_ids": [
      "src_cynefin_io_framework_2026",
      "src_cynefin_complex_acts_2002",
      "src_cynefin_new_dynamics_2003",
      "src_hbr_leaders_framework_2007"
    ],
    "set_tags": [
      "complexity",
      "sensemaking",
      "expertise",
      "release_0_14",
      "practice"
    ],
    "espoused_labels": [],
    "observed_clusters": [],
    "canonical_definition": "Decision-support framework for discerning context and choosing approaches on the basis of bounded applicability, distinguishing ordered, complex, chaotic and aporetic conditions and their dynamics.",
    "valid_from": "",
    "valid_to": "",
    "external_ids": "{}",
    "geographies": [],
    "licence": "",
    "review_status": "curator_checked_public_sources",
    "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
    "x": 0.3,
    "y": 0.16,
    "canonical_id": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
    "public_visibility": "public",
    "publication_level": "profile",
    "public_stub_text": "",
    "public_source_count": 4,
    "no_public_link_count": 0
  },
  "profile": {
    "node_id": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
    "title": "Cynefin framework",
    "profile_status": "curator_checked_public_sources",
    "canonical_definition": "Decision-support framework for discerning context and choosing approaches on the basis of bounded applicability, distinguishing ordered, complex, chaotic and aporetic conditions and their dynamics.",
    "summary": "Cynefin is a context-discrimination and decision-support framework. It asks which causal conditions and constraints are present, which approaches are applicable, and when a shift in context requires a change of method.",
    "why_it_matters": "It counters the habit of treating one method as universally valid. Its domains are most useful when treated dynamically and provisionally rather than as labels attached permanently to problems.",
    "key_distinctions": [
      "framework vs model or method",
      "clear and complicated order vs complexity vs chaos",
      "domain vs permanent problem type",
      "categorisation vs sense-making",
      "static diagram vs dynamics"
    ],
    "historical_lineage": [
      "knowledge management",
      "Complex Acts of Knowing",
      "The New Dynamics of Strategy",
      "A Leader's Framework for Decision Making",
      "later liminal Cynefin"
    ],
    "logical_antecedents": [
      "bounded applicability",
      "constraints",
      "causality",
      "context",
      "sense-making"
    ],
    "dependent_subsequents": [
      "domain-specific heuristics",
      "Cynefin dynamics",
      "crisis guidance",
      "complex facilitation"
    ],
    "practice_connections": [
      "decision support",
      "strategy",
      "leadership",
      "crisis response",
      "method selection"
    ],
    "espoused_lineages": [],
    "observed_clusters": [],
    "common_misreadings": [
      "Cynefin sorts every issue once and for all",
      "complex is a synonym for difficult",
      "the quadrants are maturity levels",
      "anything uncertain belongs in complexity",
      "the framework itself supplies a complete intervention"
    ],
    "open_checks": [
      "map version history precisely",
      "represent liminal domains and aporia",
      "add empirical applications and criticism",
      "compare with other contingency and problem-structuring frameworks"
    ],
    "source_ids": [
      "src_cynefin_io_framework_2026",
      "src_cynefin_complex_acts_2002",
      "src_cynefin_new_dynamics_2003",
      "src_hbr_leaders_framework_2007"
    ],
    "evidence_ids": [],
    "last_researched": "2026-08-11",
    "review_status": "curator_checked_public_sources",
    "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
    "editorial_note": "Developed from public primary, institutional, publisher and project sources. First-party source roles and independent evidential limits are stated explicitly."
  },
  "connections": [
    {
      "id": "e_14_book_cynefin",
      "source": "publication_cynefin_weaving_sensemaking",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "presents",
      "relation_family": "documentary",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_cynefin_weaving_book_2020"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "The volume presents retrospective and practice accounts of Cynefin.",
      "plain_phrase": "presents retrospective accounts of",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e_14_complex_acts_cynefin",
      "source": "publication_complex_acts_of_knowing",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "develops",
      "relation_family": "conceptual",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_cynefin_complex_acts_2002"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "The paper is a dated primary source for early Cynefin.",
      "plain_phrase": "develops",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e_14_cynefin_bounded",
      "source": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "target": "concept_bounded_applicability",
      "relation_type": "uses",
      "relation_family": "conceptual",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_cynefin_io_framework_2026"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "The framework's own account identifies bounded applicability as a core principle.",
      "plain_phrase": "uses",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e_14_cynefin_chaos",
      "source": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "target": "concept_chaos",
      "relation_type": "uses",
      "relation_family": "conceptual",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_cynefin_io_framework_2026"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "Cynefin treats chaos as distinct from complexity.",
      "plain_phrase": "distinguishes a context of",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e_14_cynefin_complexity",
      "source": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "target": "concept_complexity",
      "relation_type": "uses",
      "relation_family": "conceptual",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_cynefin_io_framework_2026"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "Cynefin distinguishes complex from ordered and chaotic contexts.",
      "plain_phrase": "distinguishes a context of",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e_14_cynefin_practice",
      "source": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "target": "practice_systems_practice",
      "relation_type": "operationalises",
      "relation_family": "practice",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_cynefin_io_framework_2026",
        "src_hbr_leaders_framework_2007"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "The framework supports context-sensitive selection and change of practice.",
      "plain_phrase": "supports",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e_14_dave_cynefin",
      "source": "person_dave_snowden",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "developed",
      "relation_family": "historical",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_cynefin_dave_profile_2026",
        "src_cynefin_complex_acts_2002"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "The official profile identifies Snowden as creator; dated primary articles document development.",
      "plain_phrase": "developed",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e_14_field_cynefin",
      "source": "publication_managing_complexity_chaos_field_guide",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "applies",
      "relation_family": "practice",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_jrc_complexity_crisis_2021"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "The field guide explicitly draws on Cynefin for crisis decision support.",
      "plain_phrase": "applies",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e_14_hbr_cynefin",
      "source": "publication_leaders_framework_decision_making",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "translates_for_practice",
      "relation_family": "practice",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_hbr_leaders_framework_2007"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "The article presents Cynefin to a broad leadership audience.",
      "plain_phrase": "translates for leadership practice",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e_14_naturalising_cynefin",
      "source": "approach_family_naturalising_sense_making",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "includes",
      "relation_family": "classification",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_cynefin_io_naturalising_2026",
        "src_cynefin_io_framework_2026"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "The project places Cynefin within naturalising sense-making.",
      "plain_phrase": "includes",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e_14_new_dynamics_cynefin",
      "source": "publication_new_dynamics_of_strategy",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "develops",
      "relation_family": "conceptual",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_cynefin_new_dynamics_2003"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "The article develops early Cynefin dynamics rather than only a static classification.",
      "plain_phrase": "develops the dynamics of",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e_14_wiki_cynefin",
      "source": "corpus_cynefin_io_wiki",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "described_by",
      "relation_family": "evidence",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.88",
      "claim_status": "accepted",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_cynefin_io_framework_2026"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Release 0.14 public primary, official, institutional and publisher sources",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "The statement is limited to the named sources and their evidential role. First-party definition, authorship, historical development, application and independent evaluation remain distinct claims.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "curatorial synthesis of public sources",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "Benjamin P Taylor",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-08-11",
      "notes": "The dedicated wiki page supplies the project's current framework account.",
      "plain_phrase": "describes",
      "public_review_label": "supported working statement"
    },
    {
      "id": "e16_relational_crosswalk_231",
      "source": "corpus_cynefin_io_wiki",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "presents",
      "relation_family": "documentary",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "0.72",
      "claim_status": "provisional",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_cynefin_io_main_2026",
        "src_cynefin_io_framework_2026",
        "src_cynefin_complex_acts_2002",
        "src_cynefin_new_dynamics_2003",
        "src_hbr_leaders_framework_2007"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Interpretive comparison of the two maintained public descriptions and their cited source records",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "This is a provisional semantic or practice crosswalk. It does not establish historical influence, equivalence, efficacy or universal applicability. Item-level source review and curator acceptance are still required.",
      "assertion_mode": "interpreted",
      "inference_method": "curator-requested relational crosswalk of maintained public descriptions",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "",
      "reviewed_at": "",
      "notes": "",
      "plain_phrase": "documents and presents",
      "public_review_label": "provisional relational crosswalk"
    },
    {
      "id": "e26_56acefb0dea1f668b40122",
      "source": "resource_lib26_a9c290f694efcc45",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "source_text_mentions",
      "relation_family": "documentary",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "",
      "claim_status": "candidate",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_lib26_a9c290f694efcc45"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "PDF page 120",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "Exact phrase in extracted source text; page-level checking may remain pending as recorded by the locator. Its appearance may be in discussion, a quotation, a reference, or a critical comparison. No semantic or historical claim is inferred.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "",
      "reviewed_at": "",
      "notes": "",
      "plain_phrase": "contains a located mention of Cynefin framework",
      "public_review_label": "Located source statement; independent review not recorded",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919"
    },
    {
      "id": "e26_9ef9d4be02de6e3de2127e",
      "source": "resource_sp26_a861f0a203ae17b0",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "source_text_mentions",
      "relation_family": "documentary",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "",
      "claim_status": "candidate",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_sp26_a861f0a203ae17b0"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Extracted source text, character 67460; page-level locator pending",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "Exact phrase in extracted source text; page-level checking may remain pending as recorded by the locator. Its appearance may be in discussion, a quotation, a reference, or a critical comparison. No semantic or historical claim is inferred.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "",
      "reviewed_at": "",
      "notes": "",
      "plain_phrase": "contains a located mention of Cynefin framework",
      "public_review_label": "Located source statement; independent review not recorded",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919"
    },
    {
      "id": "e26_4653e7f483c7a73216bbf7",
      "source": "resource_sp26_59e531839a808f40",
      "target": "method_or_methodology_cynefin_framework",
      "relation_type": "source_text_mentions",
      "relation_family": "documentary",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "",
      "claim_status": "candidate",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_sp26_59e531839a808f40"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Extracted source text, character 3703; page-level locator pending",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "Exact phrase in extracted source text; page-level checking may remain pending as recorded by the locator. Its appearance may be in discussion, a quotation, a reference, or a critical comparison. No semantic or historical claim is inferred.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "",
      "reviewed_at": "",
      "notes": "",
      "plain_phrase": "contains a located mention of Cynefin framework",
      "public_review_label": "Located source statement; independent review not recorded",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919"
    }
  ],
  "claims": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src_cynefin_io_framework_2026",
      "title": "Cynefin — Cynefin.io",
      "source_type": "official_collaborative_wiki_page",
      "quality_tier": "B",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://cynefin.io/wiki/Cynefin",
      "date": "current page; checked 2026-08-11",
      "notes": "First-party maintained account of Cynefin as a decision-support framework based on bounded applicability, its domains, dynamics and development. Appropriate for the framework's own definitions; pair with the named papers for historical and scholarly claims.",
      "creators": [
        "Cynefin.io contributors"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Cynefin.io",
      "licence": "CC BY-SA unless otherwise indicated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-11",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_cynefin_complex_acts_2002",
      "title": "Complex Acts of Knowing: Paradox and Descriptive Self-Awareness",
      "source_type": "primary_article_record",
      "quality_tier": "A",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://thecynefin.co/library/complex-acts-of-knowing-paradox-and-descriptive-self-awareness/",
      "date": "2002",
      "notes": "Official library record for Snowden's article, with bibliographic details and DOI. Use the article itself for arguments and exact terminology.",
      "creators": [
        "Dave Snowden"
      ],
      "doi": "10.1108/13673270210424639",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Journal of Knowledge Management",
      "licence": "article licence as stated by host",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-11",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_cynefin_new_dynamics_2003",
      "title": "The New Dynamics of Strategy: Sense-making in a Complex and Complicated World",
      "source_type": "primary_article_record",
      "quality_tier": "A",
      "access": "public_metadata",
      "url": "https://thecynefin.co/library/the-new-dynamics-of-strategy-sense-making-in-a-complex-and-complicated-world/",
      "date": "2003",
      "notes": "Official library record for the article by Cynthia F. Kurtz and David J. Snowden. The article is a principal scholarly source for early Cynefin dynamics and narrative sense-making.",
      "creators": [
        "Cynthia F. Kurtz",
        "David J. Snowden"
      ],
      "doi": "10.1147/sj.423.0462",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "IBM Systems Journal",
      "licence": "publisher_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-11",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_hbr_leaders_framework_2007",
      "title": "A Leader's Framework for Decision Making",
      "source_type": "publisher_article_record",
      "quality_tier": "A",
      "access": "public_metadata",
      "url": "https://hbr.org/2007/11/a-leaders-framework-for-decision-making",
      "date": "2007-11",
      "notes": "Harvard Business Review record for the article by David J. Snowden and Mary E. Boone. It is a widely circulated practice-facing account of Cynefin; use it alongside earlier and later framework sources rather than as the entire theory.",
      "creators": [
        "David J. Snowden",
        "Mary E. Boone"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Harvard Business Review",
      "licence": "publisher_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-11",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_cynefin_weaving_book_2020",
      "title": "Cynefin: Weaving Sense-Making into the Fabric of Our World",
      "source_type": "official_book_record",
      "quality_tier": "A",
      "access": "public_metadata_and_preview",
      "url": "https://thecynefin.co/library/cynefin-weaving-sense-making-into-the-fabric-of-our-world/",
      "date": "2020",
      "notes": "Official publication record for the multi-author Cynefin volume, used for the framework's retrospective history and later articulation. Chapter-level claims should identify the particular contributor.",
      "creators": [
        "Dave Snowden and contributors"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "978-1-7353799-0-6",
      "publisher": "Cognitive Edge",
      "licence": "publisher_terms; selected open preview material",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-11",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_cynefin_dave_profile_2026",
      "title": "Dave Snowden — The Cynefin Company profile",
      "source_type": "official_professional_profile",
      "quality_tier": "A",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://thecynefin.co/team/dave-snowden/",
      "date": "current; checked 2026-08-11",
      "notes": "Canonical first-party source for Dave Snowden's present roles and the organisation's own account of his creation of Cynefin and origination of SenseMaker. It does not independently establish influence, efficacy or priority beyond those declared facts.",
      "creators": [
        "The Cynefin Company"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "The Cynefin Company",
      "licence": "site_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-11",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_jrc_complexity_crisis_2021",
      "title": "Managing complexity (and chaos) in times of crisis: a field guide for decision makers inspired by the Cynefin framework",
      "source_type": "official_publication_record",
      "quality_tier": "A",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC123629",
      "date": "2021-02-12",
      "notes": "European Commission Joint Research Centre record and public field guide by Dave Snowden and Alessandro Rancati. It supports the guide's authorship, four-stage crisis approach and explicit attention to boundaries, sensing networks, distributed engagement and options.",
      "creators": [
        "Dave Snowden",
        "Alessandro Rancati"
      ],
      "doi": "10.2760/353",
      "isbn": "978-92-76-28844-2",
      "publisher": "Publications Office of the European Union",
      "licence": "public EU document",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-11",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_cynefin_io_naturalising_2026",
      "title": "Naturalising sense-making — Cynefin.io",
      "source_type": "official_collaborative_wiki_page",
      "quality_tier": "B",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://cynefin.io/index.php/Naturalising_sense-making",
      "date": "current page; checked 2026-08-11",
      "notes": "First-party maintained definition of naturalising sense-making, including its use of natural science as a constraint and its links to Cynefin, SenseMaker and anthro-complexity.",
      "creators": [
        "Cynefin.io contributors"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Cynefin.io",
      "licence": "CC BY-SA unless otherwise indicated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-11",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_cynefin_io_main_2026",
      "title": "Cynefin.io — Naturalising Sense-Making wiki",
      "source_type": "official_collaborative_wiki",
      "quality_tier": "B",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://cynefin.io/wiki/Main_Page",
      "date": "current; checked 2026-08-11",
      "notes": "Canonical project wiki and discovery source for current naturalising sense-making terminology, methods and internal cross-links. Pages are collaboratively editable and should be cited with page title, revision and stronger sources for disputed history or efficacy. The wiki states CC BY-SA availability unless a page says otherwise.",
      "creators": [
        "Cynefin.io contributors"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Cynefin.io",
      "licence": "CC BY-SA unless otherwise indicated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-11",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_lib26_a9c290f694efcc45",
      "title": "Large-group processes",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://antlerboy.com/library/files/talks/large-group-processes.pdf",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Public Antlerboy manifest. PDF text indexed; located concept terms, not a full scholarly review. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Benjamin P Taylor"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Benjamin P Taylor public work library",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_a861f0a203ae17b0",
      "title": "Complexity theory and leadership practice: A review, a critique, and some recommendations",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.07.002",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Jonathan Rosenhead",
        "L. Alberto Franco",
        "Keith Grint",
        "Barton Friedland"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2019"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_59e531839a808f40",
      "title": "New development: Responding to complexity in public services—the human learning systems approach",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2020.1832738",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Toby Lowe",
        "Max French",
        "Melissa Hawkins",
        "Hannah Hesselgreaves",
        "Rob Wilson"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Informa UK Limited",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2020"
    }
  ],
  "evidence_locators": [],
  "reuse_note": "Preserve source attribution, scope, and review status. Source documents and evidence excerpts are excluded."
}