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    "description": "Viability is not short-term survival or financial solvency. It concerns whether a system can keep producing itself as a coherent actor while its environment and internal conditions change.",
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    "why_it_matters": "A viable organisation must handle today's work, disturbances and accountability while sensing and preparing for tomorrow. Central control cannot substitute for local regulatory capacity.",
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      "viability vs comparative evolutionary fitness",
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      "relation_type": "source_text_mentions",
      "relation_family": "documentary",
      "directed": "true",
      "dependency_kind": "",
      "confidence": "",
      "claim_status": "candidate",
      "source_ids": [
        "src_sp26_e35c4e039bbf52c2"
      ],
      "evidence_ids": [],
      "source_locator": "Extracted source text, character 416; page-level locator pending",
      "valid_from": "",
      "valid_to": "",
      "scope_conditions": "Exact phrase in extracted source text; page-level checking may remain pending as recorded by the locator. Its appearance may be in discussion, a quotation, a reference, or a critical comparison. No semantic or historical claim is inferred.",
      "assertion_mode": "asserted",
      "inference_method": "",
      "claim_id": "",
      "reviewed_by": "",
      "reviewed_at": "",
      "notes": "",
      "plain_phrase": "contains a located mention of viable system",
      "public_review_label": "Located source statement; independent review not recorded",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919"
    }
  ],
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "claim_viability_identity_adaptation",
      "statement": "Viability requires both continuity of identity and capacity to adapt under changing environmental conditions.",
      "subject_id": "concept_identity",
      "predicate": "explanatory_prerequisite",
      "object_id": "concept_viability",
      "status": "provisional",
      "supporting_source_ids": [
        "src_taylor_vsm_lecture_2025",
        "src_metaphorum_vsm_current"
      ],
      "supporting_evidence_ids": [
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        "ev_metaphorum_vsm_foundations"
      ],
      "contradicting_source_ids": [],
      "contradicting_evidence_ids": [],
      "notes": "Scope is deliberately narrow. Named editorial review is required.",
      "review_status": "research_pass_needs_editor",
      "reviewed_by": "",
      "reviewed_at": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "claim_vsm_operationalises_viability",
      "statement": "The Viable System Model operationalises questions of viability through recursively related operational and meta-systemic functions.",
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      "predicate": "operationalises",
      "object_id": "concept_viability",
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        "src_taylor_vsm_lecture_2025"
      ],
      "supporting_evidence_ids": [
        "ev_metaphorum_vsm_foundations",
        "ev_taylor_vsm_viability"
      ],
      "contradicting_source_ids": [],
      "contradicting_evidence_ids": [],
      "notes": "Scope is deliberately narrow. Named editorial review is required.",
      "review_status": "research_pass_needs_editor",
      "reviewed_by": "",
      "reviewed_at": ""
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src_beer_diagnosing_system_1985",
      "title": "Diagnosing the System for Organizations",
      "source_type": "primary_book",
      "quality_tier": "A",
      "access": "public_metadata",
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      "date": "1985-01-01",
      "notes": "Stafford Beer's guide to diagnosing organisations with the Viable System Model. The exact primary-book pages for the recursive-system theorem remain to be located before the organisational-recursion relation is promoted.",
      "creators": [
        "Stafford Beer"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "9780471951360",
      "publisher": "Wiley",
      "licence": "publisher_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "research_pass_needs_editor",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-09",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
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      "title": "Viable System Model - Metaphorum",
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      "quality_tier": "B",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://metaphorum.org/staffords-work/viable-system-model",
      "date": "2026-08-09",
      "notes": "Metaphorum's public orientation to Stafford Beer's Viable System Model and its grounding in cybernetics, requisite variety and recursion.",
      "creators": [
        "Metaphorum"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Metaphorum",
      "licence": "site_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "research_pass_needs_editor",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-09",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_taylor_vsm_lecture_2025",
      "title": "Benjamin Taylor VSM lecture",
      "source_type": "public_teaching_material",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://antlerboy.com/library/files/talks/viable-system-model-lecture.pdf",
      "date": "2025-05-10",
      "notes": "Public teaching presentation. Public PDF linked on 2026-09-19; the earlier unpublished access description is superseded.",
      "creators": [
        "Benjamin P Taylor"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Benjamin P Taylor public work library",
      "licence": "not_publicly_licensed",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "public_file_identity_checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_maturana_mpodozis_natural_drift_2000",
      "title": "The origin of species by means of natural drift",
      "source_type": "peer_reviewed_article",
      "quality_tier": "A",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://revistaschilenas.uchile.cl/handle/2250/62395",
      "date": "2000",
      "notes": "Primary scholarly article in which Humberto Maturana and Jorge Mpodozis propose natural drift as the generative mechanism of evolutionary diversification and treat natural selection as a consequence rather than the mechanism. This is a particular theoretical account, not field-wide consensus.",
      "creators": [
        "Humberto Maturana",
        "Jorge Mpodozis"
      ],
      "doi": "10.4067/S0716-078X2000000200005",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Revista Chilena de Historia Natural",
      "licence": "source_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked_with_contestation_note",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_scio_essential_balances_2020",
      "title": "Essential Balances: Stop Looking and Start Seeing What Makes Organizations Work",
      "source_type": "official_professional_body_book_page",
      "quality_tier": "B",
      "access": "public_metadata",
      "url": "https://www.systemspractice.org/resources/essential-balances-stop-looking-and-start-seeing-what-makes-organizations-work",
      "date": "2020-11",
      "notes": "SCiO bibliographic and descriptive page for Ivo Velitchkov's book. It supports the three named balances and publication metadata; page-level claims still require the book itself.",
      "creators": [
        "Ivo Velitchkov"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "978-1838338619",
      "publisher": "KVISTGAARD",
      "licence": "publisher_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_grammar_presentation_2022",
      "title": "The Grammar of Systems - SCiO presentation",
      "source_type": "presentation",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://www.systemspractice.org/resources/grammar-systems",
      "date": "2022-03-21",
      "notes": "Lists 33 systems laws and principles and describes nine patterns of thinking.",
      "creators": [
        "Patrick Hoverstadt"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "SCiO",
      "licence": "site_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_grammar_2ed_2025",
      "title": "The Grammar of Systems II: From Order to Chaos and Back Again, 2nd edition",
      "source_type": "book",
      "quality_tier": "B",
      "access": "public_metadata",
      "url": "https://www.systemspractice.org/resources/grammar-systems-ii-order-chaos-back-again-2nd-ed",
      "date": "2025-08-01",
      "notes": "Current second-edition metadata. The book presents nine systems-thinking patterns and 33 systems laws and principles.",
      "creators": [
        "Patrick Hoverstadt"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "979-8298960878",
      "publisher": "SCiO",
      "licence": "publisher_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_salah_grammar_part1_2022",
      "title": "Cybersecurity Lessons from The Grammar of Systems, part 1",
      "source_type": "public_secondary_summary",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/cybersecurity-lessons-from-grammar-systems-order-chaos-osama-salah/",
      "date": "2022-05-16",
      "notes": "Public secondary summary of Grammar of Systems items 1–11. Used as an accessible orientation aid; the book remains the controlling source.",
      "creators": [
        "Osama Salah"
      ],
      "publisher": "LinkedIn",
      "licence": "publisher_terms",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-09",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_salah_grammar_part2_2022",
      "title": "Cybersecurity Lessons from The Grammar of Systems, part 2",
      "source_type": "public_secondary_summary",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/cybersecurity-lessons-from-grammar-systems-order-chaos-osama-salah-1f",
      "date": "2022-05-23",
      "notes": "Public secondary summary of Grammar of Systems items 12–22. Used as an accessible orientation aid; the book remains the controlling source.",
      "creators": [
        "Osama Salah"
      ],
      "publisher": "LinkedIn",
      "licence": "publisher_terms",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-09",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_salah_grammar_part3_2022",
      "title": "Cybersecurity Lessons from The Grammar of Systems, part 3",
      "source_type": "public_secondary_summary",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/cybersecurity-lessons-from-grammar-systems-order-chaos-osama-salah-2f",
      "date": "2022-06-01",
      "notes": "Public secondary summary of Grammar of Systems items 23–33. Used as an accessible orientation aid; the book remains the controlling source.",
      "creators": [
        "Osama Salah"
      ],
      "publisher": "LinkedIn",
      "licence": "publisher_terms",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-09",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_scio_requisite_inefficiency_2014",
      "title": "Requisite inefficiency",
      "source_type": "official_professional_body_talk_page",
      "quality_tier": "B",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://www.systemspractice.org/resources/requisite-inefficiency",
      "date": "2014-09",
      "notes": "SCiO record of Ivo Velitchkov's proposal that some apparent inefficiency preserves excess variety needed for longer-term viability.",
      "creators": [
        "Ivo Velitchkov"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "SCiO",
      "licence": "site_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_velitchkov_home_current",
      "title": "Ivo Velitchkov",
      "source_type": "primary_author_page",
      "quality_tier": "A",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://velitchkov.eu/",
      "date": "",
      "notes": "Ivo Velitchkov's public home page links his books, blogs, public slide decks and other work. It establishes authorship and discovery routes, not independent evaluation.",
      "creators": [
        "Ivo Velitchkov"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Ivo Velitchkov",
      "licence": "source_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "checked",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-10",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_bateson_steps_ecology_1972",
      "title": "Steps to an Ecology of Mind",
      "source_type": "primary_book",
      "quality_tier": "A",
      "access": "public_metadata",
      "url": "https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo3620295.html",
      "date": "1972-01-01",
      "notes": "Gregory Bateson's collected essays spanning cybernetic explanation, learning, communication, conscious purpose, ecology and form.",
      "creators": [
        "Gregory Bateson"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "University of Chicago Press",
      "licence": "publisher_terms",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "research_pass_needs_editor",
      "last_checked": "2026-08-09",
      "public_link_status": "public_link"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_lib26_a9c290f694efcc45",
      "title": "Large-group processes",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://antlerboy.com/library/files/talks/large-group-processes.pdf",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Public Antlerboy manifest. PDF text indexed; located concept terms, not a full scholarly review. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Benjamin P Taylor"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Benjamin P Taylor public work library",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_f455a61e7d99311f",
      "title": "Designing Social Systems in a Changing World",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9981-1",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Bela H. Banathy"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Springer US",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "1996"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_82aabbef7e96f5ee",
      "title": "Designing interagency responses to wicked problems: A viable system model board game",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.06.040",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Pamela Sydelko",
        "Angela Espinosa",
        "Gerald Midgley"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_a63f52d3fe0bc7c0",
      "title": "Systems Approaches to Managing Change: A Practical Guide",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-809-4",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Springer London",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2010"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_b55bd7bc2eb7cb79",
      "title": "Governance for intelligent organizations: a cybernetic contribution",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/K-01-2018-0019",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "Markus Schwaninger"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Emerald",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "2019"
    },
    {
      "id": "src_sp26_e35c4e039bbf52c2",
      "title": "An ecosystem approach for sustainability: addressing the challenge of complexity",
      "source_type": "public_catalogue_record",
      "quality_tier": "C",
      "access": "public",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-3287(99)00029-4",
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "notes": "Opening title and DOI; Crossref publisher metadata. Bibliographic identity matched; source text indexed. Identity and located teaching relationships are separated from automatic title matches and exact text mentions. A term appearing in a source is not proof of its definition, endorsement, influence, or logical dependence.",
      "creators": [
        "James J. Kay",
        "Henry A. Regier",
        "Michelle Boyle",
        "George Francis"
      ],
      "doi": "",
      "isbn": "",
      "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
      "licence": "source terms unless otherwise stated",
      "archived_url": "",
      "content_hash": "",
      "review_status": "located_public_record",
      "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
      "public_link_status": "public_link",
      "connection_pass": "library_20260919",
      "year": "1999"
    }
  ],
  "evidence_locators": [
    {
      "id": "ev_metaphorum_vsm_foundations",
      "source_id": "src_metaphorum_vsm_current",
      "locator": "VSM orientation page",
      "review_status": "research_pass_needs_editor"
    },
    {
      "id": "ev_taylor_vsm_viability",
      "source_id": "src_taylor_vsm_lecture_2025",
      "locator": "sections on viability, adaptation, identity, autonomy, cohesion and transduction",
      "review_status": "research_pass_needs_editor"
    },
    {
      "id": "ev_bateson_steps_scope",
      "source_id": "src_bateson_steps_ecology_1972",
      "locator": "publisher description and table of contents, Parts III-V",
      "review_status": "research_pass_needs_editor"
    }
  ],
  "reuse_note": "Preserve source attribution, scope, and review status. Source documents and evidence excerpts are excluded."
}
